Term
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Definition
| Electrical transmission of data among systems, whether through analog, digital, or wireless transmission types. |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard set of rules that determines how systems will communicate across networks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Architecture is one that no vendor owns, that is not proprietary, and that can easily integrate various technologies and vendor implementations of those technologies. |
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Definition
| Layer 7, works closest to the user and provides file transmissions, message exchanges, and terminal sessions |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer 6, provides a common means of representing data in a structure that can be properly processed by the end system. |
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Definition
| Layer 5, responsible for establishing a connection between the two, maintaining it during the transfer of data, and controlling the release of this connection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Communication takes place in one direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Communication takes place in both directions, but only one application can send information at a time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Communication takes place in both directions, and both applications can send information at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer 4, provides end-to-end data transport services and establishes the logical connection between two communicating computers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer 3, used to insert information into the packet’s header so that it can be properly addressed and routed, and then to actually route the packets to their proper destination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer 2, converts the data into bits for the physical layer. |
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Term
| Logical Link Control (LLC) |
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Definition
| Defined in the IEEE 802.2 specification, communicates with the protocol immediately above it, the network layer. |
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Term
| Media Access Control (MAC) |
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Definition
| Has the appropriately loaded protocols to interface with the protocol requirements of the physical layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer 1, converts bits into voltage for transmission. |
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Term
| Application Layer Protocols |
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Definition
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Telnet
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) |
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Term
| Presentation Layer Standards |
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Definition
• American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
• Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Mode (EBCDIC)
• Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)
• Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)
• Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
• Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) |
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Term
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Definition
• Network File System (NFS)
• NetBIOS
• Structured Query Language (SQL)
• Remote procedure call (RPC) |
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Term
| Transport Layer Protocols |
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Definition
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
• Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) |
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Term
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Definition
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• Novel Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) |
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Term
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Definition
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
• Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
• Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
• Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) |
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Term
| Phyiscal Layer Interfaces |
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Definition
• High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)
• X.21
• EIA/TIA-232 and EIA/TIA-449 |
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Term
| Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) |
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Definition
| Suite of protocols that governs the way that data travels from one device to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connectionless protocol that provides the addressing and routing capabilities for each package of data. |
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Term
| Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) |
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Definition
| Reliable and connection-oriented protocol, that ensures that packets are delivered to the destination computer. |
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Term
| User Datagram Protocol (UDP) |
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Definition
| Best-effort, connectionless protocol, that has neither packet sequencing nor flow and congestion control, and the destination does not acknowledge every packet it receives. |
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Term
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Definition
0.0.0.0 to
127.255.255.255 |
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Term
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Definition
128.0.0.0 to
191.255.255.255 |
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Term
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Definition
192.0.0.0 to
223.255.255.255 |
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Term
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Definition
224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255 |
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Term
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Definition
240.0.0.0 to
255.255.255.255 |
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Term
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Definition
| First byte is the network portion and the remaining three byes are the host portion. |
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Term
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Definition
| First two bytes are the network portion and the remaining two bytes are the host portion. |
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Term
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Definition
| First three bytes are the network portion and the remaining one byte is the host portion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for multicast addresses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Asynchronous communication |
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Definition
| Transfers data sequentially, uses start and stop bits, and requires that communicating devices to communicate at the same speed. |
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Term
| Synchronous communication |
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Definition
| High-speed transmission controlled by electronic clock timing signals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Represent binary digits as discrete electrical pulses |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuous signals that vary by amplification and frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses the full bandwidth for only one channel and has a low data transfer rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Divides the bandwidth into many channels, enabling different types of data to be transmitted, and provides a high data transfer rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a packet is sent from one source computer to one destination computer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a packet is sent from one source computer to several specific computers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a packet is sent from one source computer to all computers on a certain network segment. |
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