Term
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Definition
o Automated Measurement of Lineups
o A method that picks up special codes from programs so that Nielsen can determine what programs are on what channels in each market. (10.3) |
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Definition
o Average Quarter Hour
o A ratings calculation based on the average number of persons listening to a particular station for at least 5 minutes during a 15 minute period of time (10.6) |
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Definition
o Audios Studios Institute
o Gather people in a room and show them versions of media productions
o Elicit audience reactions through questionnaires and various button pressing techniques
o Independent boutique ratings agency that pretests movies before they are released |
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Term
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Definition
o Cost per mille (thousand)
o The price an advertiser pays for each thousand households or people a commercial reaches (10.11) |
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Term
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Definition
| o The number of households or people that tune into different stations at different times. (10.6) |
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Term
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Definition
| o The average number of times a person is exposed to a particular commercial over a period of time, such as a week. (10.6) |
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Term
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Definition
o Gross Average Audience
o The average number of people watching a program over several showings in a market |
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Term
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Definition
o Households using TV
o The percentage of households that a TV set tuned to any channel (10.6) |
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Term
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Definition
o Length of Tune
o An audience measurement that indicates how long viewers watch a particular network (10.6) |
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Definition
o Local Peoplemeter
o Nielsen’s portable audience measurement device that people carry with them to track their video exposure (10.5) |
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Term
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Definition
o Public service announcement
o Ads for non-profits (10.1) |
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Term
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Definition
o Portable peoplemeter
o A pager size audience measurement device that people take with them so that their radio listening is determined for ratings purposes wherever they are (10.5) |
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Term
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Definition
o People using television
o The percentage of people who have a TV set tunes to any channel |
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Term
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Definition
| o The percentage of households or people watching a program or listening to a particular program. (10.6) |
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Term
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Definition
| o The number of different people or households exposed to a particular commercial over a time period, usually a week. (10.6) |
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Term
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Definition
| o The percentage of households or people watching a particular program in relation to all programs available at that time. (10.6) |
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Term
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Definition
| o A pop-up in the lower portion of the TV screen that promotes an upcoming program (10.1) |
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Term
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Definition
o Total survey area
o Abritron’s division for radio ratings of geographically large areas that may not receive all stations equally clear (10.10) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| o A measurement that indicates the degree to which people are aware of and like a particular program. (10.9) |
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Term
| Arbitron PPM method and technology, various media measured |
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Definition
o Arbitron Personal People Meter (PPM)
o Made to measure radio + TV, but only measures radio
o Anytime that the technology changes, so do the ratings
o When Arbitron first introduces its PPM, radio stations usually find they have a larger number of people listening than was reported by diaries but that these people spend less time listening then previously thought.
o The complaints are loudest when ratings go down and costs go up. |
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Term
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Definition
| o In Neilsen’s new 3 screen report (that people use TV, Computer, and cell phone simultaneously). People have the option to consume video on the best screen available. TVs are still the screen of choice |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
o Simply the percentage of households (or people) warching a particular program or listening to a radio station
o reflects the percentage of the TOTAL POPULATION of televisions tuned to a particular program |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects the percentage of televisions ACTUALLY IN USE/TURNED ON |
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Term
| Share is always (higher/lower) than rating? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| o Visits to a website that is counted even if the person or computer has visited the site before (10.6) |
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Term
| Criticisms of ratings companies |
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Definition
o Validity—size and composition
o Sometimes results do not make common sense
o Too much emphasis placed on ratings
o TV history is full of shows that scored poorly that were left on and became very successful (Cheers, Seinfeld, etc)
o Overdependence on ratings often leads to programming concepts deplored by the critics
o Programming tends to become similar, geared toward the audience that will deliver the largest numbers
o Programmers will neglect creativity, availability to the community, and services to advertisers |
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Term
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Definition
| o When one network or station promotes something on another network or station; usually because they have common ownership (10.1) |
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Term
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Definition
| o Information pertaining to vital statistics of a population, such as age, sex, marital status, and geographic location (10.7) |
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Term
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Definition
| o A booklet used for audience measurement in which people write down the program they listen to or watch (10.5) |
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Term
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Definition
o In radio broadcasting, the morning and afternoon hours during which the listeners are commuting. Generally, it is considered to be from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. to 7 p.m., Monday through Friday.
o Drive time is the daypart analog to prime time for radio broadcasting. It consists of the morning hours when listeners wake up, get ready, and/or head to work or school, and the afternoon hours when they are heading home and before their evening meal. These are the periods where the number of listeners is highest and, thus, commercial radio can charge the most for advertising. A related term is rush hour. |
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Term
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Definition
| o Nielsen’s study that says people only use internet + tv simultaneously is 3.5 hrs/month does not have face validity |
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Term
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Definition
o Today, no longer traditional mail-more likely to be seen as e-mail or tect messages
o Websites encourage comments and chat rooms
o Feedback through wallets—tickets, DVD’s, products
o Most used type of feedback is ratings |
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Term
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Definition
| o A ratings report on national viewing that Nielsen gets to subscribers the morning after the programs air (10.10) |
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Term
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Definition
| o An in depth discussion session to determine what people do and do not like about various aspects of media (10.8) |
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Term
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Definition
| o Streaming to smart phones for $9.99 |
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Term
| Hyping of ratings and consequences |
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Definition
o “Tune in @ 7:20 AM for…”
o Textbook example p. 287
o Sensationalist news stories on TV for sweeps: prostitution, germs, “watch out” consumers, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| o The average number of people watching a program over several shows in a market (10.6) |
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Term
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Definition
o The BOTTOM LINE is that you can get a laptop for much less money with a keyboard, DVD drive, USB jacks, camera slot, camera, etc”
o 10 hr batter life
o ease of use
o great e reader
o will not replace laptops |
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Term
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Definition
it’s a type of personal interview sampling (see personal contact p. 285) where people are interviewed at malls because at any given 2-week period, 2/3 of U.S. households shop one or more times at the mall.
o The good things about mall samples are:
• Experimental control.
• Ability to see things.
• Availability of kitchens, etc.
• Cost.
o The bad things are:
• Not necessarily even representative of the areas they're in.
• Demographically skewed samples. (Young, female, suburban, middle-income, frequent shoppers).
o Limited to metropolitan areas. |
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Term
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Definition
o created in 1960’s at the behest of Congress because since ratings are “secretive”, it is difficult to verify validity of what measurement co’s do
o council must approve new equipment and techniques before they can be used to measure |
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Term
| Arbitron (Radio) People meter |
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Definition
o PPM now in 33 markets
o Uses electronic watermarking “psychoacoustics” (inaudible tones)
o Used for all media that is encoded
o Has significantly hurt the ratings for some local radio formats
o LA KJLH-Stevie Wonder
o Dropped 70% when switched from diary to PPM
o 2008 Study ID’d formats most negatively affected by transition to the meter:
o smooth jazz, adult r&b, mainstream r&b/hip hop, classical and Spanish
o mainstream top 40 gained
o longer cumes
o lower tsl
o diary needs 5 minutes/quarter hour
o changes in AQH (decision by Arbitron)
o declines in ratings for minority audiences
o Arbitron has been sued by Hispanic broadcasters
o PPM registers more listening exposures and more stations per listener but TSL is less than reported with diary
o PPM shows TSL decreased due to more radio stations per listener and shorter durations of exposure than previously recorded |
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Term
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Definition
o Companies that have tried to enter the audience measurement field to compete w/ Nielsen and Arbitron, even receiving financial support from programmers
o However, ratings gathering is expensive → fail |
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Term
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Definition
| o Determining ahead of time what programs or commercials are likely to respond to in a positive manner by having a group of people give written or oral opinions (10.8) |
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Term
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Definition
| o Information pertaining to lifestyle characteristics of a group of people, such as their desire to be involved with new technologies. (10.7) |
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Term
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Definition
o Publicity: FREE articles or other forms of enhancement that will garner public attention (10.1)
o Promotions: publicizing a program, station, or organization, or the like to enhance an image, build goodwill, and ultimately get more customers (10.1) |
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Term
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Definition
| o A measurement method that determines whether people have heard of a particular program or TV talent and whether they like that program/person |
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Term
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Definition
| o Network data from Arbitron MSA and TSA reports are referred to as RADIO’S ALL DIMENSION AUDIENCE RESEARCH |
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Term
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Definition
| o Method of selection whereby each unit has the SAME CHANCE of being selected as any other unit (10.4) |
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Term
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Definition
| o The more samples you have the more the average will regress toward the mean (on a graph the loop would be narrower than one with less samples-see April 2nd notes) |
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Term
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Definition
o Audience measurement co’s constantly change samples as demographics change quickly
o Typically, a household stays in a sample no longer than 2 years
o It is normally cost prohibitive to measure an entire population (you don’t need to survey entire audience, just a sample of it)
o Many different ways to sample a population-Nielsen uses random sampling. |
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Term
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Definition
| o there are forecasts that consumers will buy 3.5 to 4 Million of these sets, or about 10 % of all US TV sales this year. May be optimistic. NY Times. |
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Term
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Definition
o should sexting teens be considered sex offenders?
o Law in many states
o 20% |
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Term
| The State of the Media 2010 |
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Definition
o Post recovery 2013: newspapers, tv, and radio will take in 41% less revenue than they did in 2006
o Online advertising showed a decline last year for the first time since 2002
o Question for online journalism is how to pay for it.
o About 90% of newspaper revenue still come from the print side
o Only added 8% to the TV bottom line
o Network TV audiences continue to decline while cable TV audiences either improve or hold steady
o Network evening news with an estimated 22.3M viewers each weeknight at the dinner hour still has 5x as many the number watching cable tv at any moment during prime time.
o While Fox’s investment in news was up 10%, 72% went to its host driven programs including salaries
o Glenn Beck’s estimated salary: $2M
o O’ Reilly estimated salary: $10M
o The question is whether it’s the news. |
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Term
| Syphilis and social networking |
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Definition
o British health experts blaming Facebook on recent surge in Syphilis cases
o Coincidence? |
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Term
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Definition
o Qualitative
o Deals with facts that are hard to assign number values
o Early adopters, brand loyalists, extroverts, imitators, etc
o Psychographics
o Engagement: looks at the degree to which creative content of a program or media form results in meaningful communication regarding a brand
o Does the content affect the viewer in such a way that he or she wants to buy the product associated with the content?
o Brand recall |
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Term
| What clients liek to focus on cumes? |
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Definition
o Radio and cable—lets advertisers know how many different people hear their message is it airs at different time
o Important for differentiating services
o Can indicate wider differences because it draws from larger time spread |
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Term
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Definition
| o A machine used for audience measurement that includes a keypad to be pushed by each person to indicate when he or she is watching TV/Nielsen (10.5) |
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