Describes or says how a noun: is, seems, becomes, looks, feels, sounds, tastes, or smells

Ex. Big, dirty, ancient, angry

We experience them as an idea, but can't touch them.

Ex. Beauty, intelligence, socialism

A group of individuals as if they were one.

Ex. Family, flock, jury, committee

Nouns combined to make one new noun.

Ex. Carport, classroom, post office

No capital letter.

Ex. log, person, chair

Capital letter

Ex. Daniel, Mexico, Williams

Can be counted

(proceeded by a/ an/ the)

Ex. A car, an apple, the table, the pigs

Cannot be counted, do not have a/an proceeding, and cannot be plural

Ex. Music, advice, bread, water

Deconstruct this sentence:

The black cat sat on the mat.

The -ing form of a verb used as a noun (as a subject or an object).

Ex. Playing tennis is fun (subject)

Ex. We enjoy playing tennis

(verb)

Ex. He's excited about playing tennis

(object)

Shows relationship by place, time, and movement.

Ex. at, on, before, from, to, into, onto, off, over, through, under, below, between, near, next to, behind, in front of

Refer to actions or states.

Ex. Go, watch, play, eat, walk (action)

Ex. Be, seem, appear, feel (states)

Joins words of the same class, i.e. pars of nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, phrases, and clauses in sentences.

Ex. and, but, or, not, yet, both... and, either... or, neither... nor, not only... but also.

Ex. of clauses: as, as soon as, before, since, until, because, in order that

Ex. He plays piano and violin. Ex. She's young and reckless. Ex. She doesn't drink or smoke. Ex. I married him because he's handsome. Ex. He started to work as soon as he arrived.

Not followed immediately by the direct object of a sentence.

Ex. England lost, let's eat, we'd like to leave, the apprentice watched carefully.

Followed directly by an object.

Ex. England lost the game, I can't eat this, we must leave the form here, the carpenter watched the apprentice.

Base form

Past simple

Past Participle

Present participle

Help form a tense or an expression by combining with present or past participles, infinitives, or other verbs.

Ex. Be, am/is/are, was/were, been

Ex. do, do/does, did, done

I, me, you, he, him, she, her, we, it, us, they, them

As subject: I, he, she, it, we, you, they

As object: me, him, her, it us, you, them

Ex. I hate everybody.  Everybody hates me.  They have a car.  It belongs to them.