Term
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Definition
| all the cut up DNA is stored |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial cells take up outside DNA from environment |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA turns into polypeptide chain |
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Term
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Definition
| complimentary RNA is formed |
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Term
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Definition
| virus brings in outside DNA from the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| technique used to move genes across species |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA technology techniques used for recombining genes in vitro (nonliving) and transferring the recombinant DNA into another cell where the "transferred" genes can be expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| use of living organisms to do practical tasks |
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Term
| 3 basic toold for DNA technology |
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Definition
| restriction enzymes, vectors, and a host cell |
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Term
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Definition
| cleave DNA between specific base pairs |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmids, viruses, and yeasts (eukaryotes) |
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Term
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Definition
| recognition sequence of nucleptide bases - used to first discover restriction enzymes - can be linear of circular |
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Term
| linear form of lamda phage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ends on single stranded DNA that are complimentary and can hydrogen bond |
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Term
| restriction endonucleases |
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Definition
| found in bacterial cells and help protect bacteria from foriegn (viral) DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| used to join segments of DNA from different species forming a chimerase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cleavage between G + Aon its sequence - sticky ends form |
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Term
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Definition
| cut DNA from 2 species with the same restriction endonucleases - for sticky ends - join "cut" DNA - isolate DNA strands that had hydrogen bonded sticky ends from 2 different DNA sources - seal with DNA ligase |
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Term
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Definition
| can move DNA from a test tube into a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| delete portion of phage genome w/ endonuclease - cut foreign DNA w/ endonuclease - insert foriegn DNA into phage - recombinant phage DNA if incorporated in the bacterial cell |
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Term
| advantages of bacteria host cell |
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Definition
| easy to culture, grows rapidly, easy to isolate DNA, easy to incorporate DNA |
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Term
| problems of bacteria host cell |
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Definition
| eukaryotes and prokaryotes have different control mechanisms for transcription and translation, prokaryotes cannot modify protein |
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Term
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Definition
| antibiotic that will kill bacteria unless they have the ampR gene |
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Term
| advantages of yeast, plant, and animal cells as host cells |
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Definition
| overcomes eukaryotic/prokaryotic problems of bacteria |
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Term
| problems of yeast, animal, and plant cells as host cells |
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Definition
| difficulty in taking up hybridized DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| sugar that is cleaved byt eh enzyme B galactosidase yeilding a blue colored product |
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Term
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Definition
| needed to break down lactose |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| problems with cutting eukaryotic genes |
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Definition
| bacteria can't cleave introns |
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Term
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Definition
| made by reverse transcriptase from mRNA transcript (already processed - no introns) |
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Term
| partial genomic libraries |
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Definition
| contain only expressed eukaryotic genes |
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Term
| cDNA from specialized tissue/cell |
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Definition
| can isolate a particular genes/gene product (red blood cells and protein hemoglobin) |
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Term
| transformation from environment - bacterial cells |
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Definition
| pre-incubation cold positive ions - heat shock |
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Term
| transferring DNA to eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
| electrophoration - inject DNA directly into cells with needle |
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Term
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Definition
| electric pulse causing temporary hole in cell membrane |
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Term
| transferring DNA to a virus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| screen for the protein produced by the gene (assuming the gene is in prokaryotes) |
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Term
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Definition
| identification of gene directly |
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Term
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Definition
| can be synthesized and will have a sequence complimentary to the gene |
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Term
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Definition
| used to separate nucleic acid or protein - identify viral DNA or plasmid DNA - isolate DNA fragments containing a gene of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| determines the sequence of the DNA on a chromosome that can ultimately lead to amino acid sequence of the sequence of a desired gene |
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Term
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
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Definition
| makes a large number of copies of DNA or of a specific isolated gene in a short time |
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Term
| southern blotting hybridization |
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Definition
| identification of a specific DNA sequence |
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Term
| northern blotting hybridization |
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Definition
| identification of a specific RNA sequence |
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Term
| restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) |
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Definition
| determines the location of the repetetive noncoding sequences on a chromosome |
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