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| A multidisciplanary activity that assembles information on people's capacities and limitations and applies this information in designing jobs, workstations, equipment, and products |
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| Fit the task to the person |
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| Internal to organization, such as chairs on an assembly line for employees. |
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| Objectives (Benefits) of Ergonomics |
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Definition
| Improved Safety & Health, Increased Productivity, Impproved Quality, Increased employee acceptance |
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| Why Don't More Companies do Ergonomics? |
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Definition
| Ownership Conflict, Omission from training, Quick-Fix Focus |
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| A Continous Improvement Process |
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| Is Ergonomics Common Sense? |
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| Only if you are sensitized to it (made aware) |
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| Does Ergonomics Design for the Average Person? |
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| Exclude as few workers as possible |
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| Who is Ergonomics Designed For? |
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| Give Example of Designing for 5th Percentile |
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| Arm Reach: If the shortest person can reach it, then everyone taller can also reach |
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| Give Example of Design for 95th percentile |
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| Height Clearance: If the tallest person can clear opening, this all shorter can also clear |
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| Ergonomics Real-World Trade-Off |
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Definition
Serious of Exclusion
Exp: Is emergency lever too hard for some people to pull? |
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Term
6 Major Risk Factors
(Also called "Action Triggers" or Warning Signs") |
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Definition
1.Excessive Force 2. Awkward Posture
3.Repetition 4. Contact Stress
5. Vibration 6. Lack of Recovery Time |
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Definition
Back straight w/ its nature "S" curve
Elbows held naturally at the side of the body and bent at 90 degrees
Wrist in "hand-shake" position |
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Definition
| Anything not in the neutral position |
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| General Rule for Hand/Wrist Cycle Time |
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| If less than 30 seconds = Repetitive |
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| General Rule for Back/Shoulder Cycle Time |
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Definition
| If less than 3 minutes = Repetition |
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| Risk Factor Recovery Time |
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Definition
Not Linear function, tends towards exponential.
Exp: Heart Rate Recovers better in the first few minutes. Better to take two ten minutes break, instead of a single 20 min break |
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Science and Art Combined
(Be creative from the science) |
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| The field of study that deals with the measurement of the human body. |
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1. Static Measurement (not changing, such as sitting at a workstation)
2. Dynamic (changing, such as foot pedal on a car) |
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| Anthropometry Measurement for Standing |
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Definition
1. Stand erect against wall. 2. Heels together. 3. Back of head, shoulder blades and buttocks touching wall.
4. Arms and Fingers extended straight down. |
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Musculoskeletal Disorders:
Chronic disorders of the muscles, tendons, peripheral nerves. |
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Cumulative Trama Disorders:
Develope gradually over time (weeks, months, years)
Same as MSD's |
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Definition
Rope like material that connects bone to bone
Low blood flow heals slowly |
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Definition
| Rope like material that connects muscles to bone (more blood flow heals better than ligaments) |
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Definition
| Protective cover containing lubricant, houses tendons (synovial fluid) |
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| Fluid filled sac for protecting tissue from rubbing the bones (protects tendons during movement) |
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Definition
| Electrical impulses capable of relaying sensory data and motor impulses throughout the body |
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| Name thre major classifications of disorders |
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Definition
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| Define process of tendon disorders |
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Definition
1) Repeated use causes synovial fluid to break down
2) Continuous exposure results in inflamation and swelling
3) Increased exposure causes fibrous growth which restricts movement (callous-like) |
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