Term
Which of the following indicates the number of neutrons and electrons for a neutral isotope of iridium (lr) that
has a mass number of 191?
A) 77 neutrons and 114 electrons
B) 114 neutrons and 77 electrons
C) 191 neutrons and 114 electrons
D) 191 neutrons and 77 electrons |
|
Definition
B Since the mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons, subtract the number of
protons to find the number of neutrons. The number of protons is known from the atomic number for
Iridium (77) on the periodic table. So, the number of neutrons= 191- 77 = 114. Also, a neutral atom will
have the same number of electrons as protons in this case, 77. |
|
|
Term
When examining electronegativity values, which of the following atoms will form the least polar bond with
hydrogen (H)?
A) Hydrogen (H)
B) Fluorine (Fl)
C) Chlorine (Cl)
D) Bromine (Br) |
|
Definition
A By looking at the difference between electronegativity values, the combination with the smallest difference
is considered the least polar. While it is true that chlorine and bromine both form covalent bonds with H,
H bonds with itself in the most covalent, or least polar, sense (no difference in electronegativity). |
|
|
Term
Which of the following elements is the best electrical conductor?
A) Bromine (Br)
B) Arsenic (As)
C) Carbon (C)
D) Potassium (K) |
|
Definition
D Metals are good conductors, but nonmetals are not. Potassium is the only metal of the options listed. |
|
|
Term
A large saturated hydrocarbon will contain
A) the same number of hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms.
B) exactly twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms.
C) less than twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms.
D) more than twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms. |
|
Definition
D Since the general formula for saturated hydrocarbons is CnHzn+2, the number of hydrogen atoms must be
more than twice the number of carbon atoms. The number 2n would be exactly twice, but single-bonded
hydrocarbons, called alkanes, will always possess two more than twice the number (2n+2). |
|
|
Term
__ are at a higher taxonomic level of organization than __ .
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
A) Organs; organ systems
B) Cells; molecules
C) Atoms; molecules
D) Tissues; organs |
|
Definition
B Cells are at a higher level of organization than molecules.
The order from the highest level to lowest
Organism Organ System Organ
Tissue Cell Molecule Atom |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is needed for cellular waste recycling?
A) Centrosome
B) Lysosome
C) Chromosome
D) Golgi apparatus |
|
Definition
B A lysosome is required for waste processing because it contains the enzymes needed for that process |
|
|
Term
Which of the following systems includes organs between the mouth and anus?
A) Respiratory
B) Digestive
C) Endocrine
D) Skeletal |
|
Definition
B The digestive system consists of all the organs between the mouth and anus.
|
|
|
Term
A Punnett square is useful for predicting what offspring are _________ and what proportion of the offspring
will have each genotype if there is a very large number of offspring. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A substance with a pH of 7.0 when dissolved in water is ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ is the by-products of cellular respiration and is used by autotrophs in the production of glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pancreas is a component of _____________ system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ bonds are primarily responsible for base pairing in complementary strands of DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cell uses____________ as the first-line defense against mutations during DNA replication |
|
Definition
| DNA polymerase proofreading |
|
|
Term
| After passing through the stomach, food continues into the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Suppose a 2-kilogram mass is traveling at 3 meters/second. Which of the following is the object's kinetic energy
(KE)?
A) 3 Joules
B) 6 Joules
C) 9 Joules
D) 18 Joules |
|
Definition
C Since kinetic energy is calculated by the expression KE = 2 mv2
, we can determine from the given
information that KE = ~ (2 kg)(3 m/s)2 = 9 Joules. The appropriate units are Joules, which match units of kg
and m/s. |
|
|
Term
| the term given to multiple forms of a gene that are produced by mutation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_____ of genes form from genetic changes (mutations), which can occur in genes. These mutations modify
the gene and produce a different allele. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During mitosis and cell division, spindle fibers are associated with _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absorption of water primarily occurs in the _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During ________ stage of development individual tissue layers begin to form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What number of different cells formed upon completion of meiosis II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The liberation of OH- ions |
|
|
Term
| After meiosis II, ________ cells are produced. After meiosis I, ______ cells are produced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tasting sour, dissolving in metal,
and turning blue litmus paper red are properties of _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________stage of interphase mRNA is synthesized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the G1 portion of interphase, _________ is produced via RNA being decoded by ribosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A harmful example of a catalytic reaction involves the breakdown of ozone by the use of _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phenotypes are seen due to the production of __ from the genotypic code found in the cell nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Receiving a vaccination against a particular disease results in which of the following types of immunity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The veins of the upper part of the body are responsible for transporting blood to which of the following areas
of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spleen and thoracic duct are parts of which system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucleotides are to DNA as amino acids are to ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the taxonomic ranks from most broad to most specific |
|
Definition
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species |
|
|
Term
For a given substance, the gas phase (compared to the liquid phase) is considered to have ___ intermolecular
attractions and to exist at ____________ temperatures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ pulls air into the body during inspiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the chemical formula for octyne |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If two gases (A and B) that have detectable odors and the same temperature are released simultaneously on one
side of a room, and the odor of Gas A is noticed 1 minute before that of Gas B, what conclusion can be made? |
|
Definition
| Gas B has a higher density than Gas A |
|
|
Term
| A substance that is completely ionized in its solution and has a pH of 2 is a (strong/weak - acid/base) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immune cells are produced in the body's _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The heart is located _____________ the sternum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Although the apex of the heart is located to the ________ of the
sternum, the majority of the heart is covered and protected by the sternum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A research student is determining the pollen count for a 24-hr period in a given location. The student's data
would be most reliable if he decided to count pollen in |
|
Definition
| multiple decimeter squares for one morning and one afternoon |
|
|
Term
Exchange of oxygen occurs in ______
( structure in the respiratory system ) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fertility rates are ______ in ________________ countries than they are in more-developed countries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consider an atom that possesses 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 7 electrons. This atom will have an overall charge of ____ and will have an overall mass of approximately ____ AMU |
|
Definition
+1 ; 17
Since protons are positive, electrons are negative, and neutrons are neutral, the overall charge is
imbalanced in favor of the protons by + 1 (since the neutrons do not contribute to the charge). Since the
mass of a proton and a neutron is nearly the same (and the mass of an electron is negligible compared to
both), the overall mass is largely determined by the number of protons and neutrons |
|
|
Term
| Enzyme activity is driven by ______ internal factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A _________ cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The changes at the___________ level are seen at the __________ level, such as hair or eye color. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mutations in human DNA originate in the ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In heterotrophs,_________ are the powerhouses of cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ produces ATP for the cell to use. They are physically similar to chloroplasts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adenine pairs with _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Guanine pairs with ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The base pairings on the mRNA must be compatibly matched with those of the DNA as follows:
UUA GCG AUA CGC |
|
Definition
UUA GCG AUA CGC
AAT CGC TAT GCG |
|
|
Term
| ________ gives rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) its signature rough characteristic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA is to genes as amino acids are to ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genes are composed of DNA, and protein is composed of _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Atoms having __ bonds complete one another by the donation and acceptance of electrons to form stable
outer electron shells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
While _______ bonds require the sharing of electrons, ________ bonds are viewed as having electrons donated
and accepted by atoms to complete the valence structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mutations in ______ can be passed on to future generations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA codons found in genes encode ______ that comprise proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During a cell replication cycle, the ______of the cell should be fully and correctly duplicated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
______ is found only in RNA, ________ only in DNA, and guanine and adenine are found in both RNA and
DNA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Formulating a _______ involves predicting what may happen in a study |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sum of all the raised numbers (super script) equals the number of __________ found within the neutral atom for that element. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mass number equals the number of ________ and ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ only occurs in germ cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mitosis occurs in all other cells except ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The liquid state of a substance is considered to have a ___ shape and a ___ volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ will provide the greatest energy for the Earth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extracurricular involvement influences the exam scores; therefore, it is the ___________ variable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The automobile has energy of motion (_______ energy) until it stops. To stop, it relies on friction. The
friction generates ________ during the course of braking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the chemical formula for octyne? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibitors affect the reaction rate of an enzyme by |
|
Definition
| blocking the active sites of the substrate, causing greatly reduced activity |
|
|
Term
| Water's ___________ bonding results in a _________ ratio of hydrogen to oxygen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA relays information to the ribosomes by ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ is the process where the message from DNA is transferred to RNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urine is stored in the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Population B is given a placebo, they are called a _________ group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ is the process by which the message is relayed from RNA to ribosomes to create proteins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ is the process where the message from DNA is transferred to RNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Doubling the velocity of an object increases the kinetic energy of the object by a factor of _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Formulation of a ______ involves predicting what may happen in the study. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ produces bile that begins the breakdown of fats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breakdown of ____ begins in the small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breakdown of ________ begins in the mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breakdown of ________ begins in the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ______ is considered to be a radical change from previous thinking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_________ is the increase of alleles of certain genes from generation to generation that allows a species to
survive and reproduce better. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _______ nervous system activates the body's fight-or-flight response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is used in quantitative investigation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List taxonomic ranks from the most general to the most specific |
|
Definition
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species |
|
|
Term
| Water undergoes relatively minor temperature and phase changes compared to other substances due to both its |
|
Definition
| high specific heat and high heat of vaporization |
|
|
Term
| Hydrocarbons containing double bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the correct order of the scientific process? |
|
Definition
Problem Identification
Question Asking
Hypothesis Development
Data Collection and Experimentation
Analysis
Conclusion |
|
|
Term
| The ________ organ systems supplies the body's cells with oxygen and nutrients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood passes though ______ after leaving the right ventricle during contraction of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _________ organ systems supplies the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is responsible for the peristalsis that occurs in the digestive tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A proton should have the following two characteristics when compared to the charge and mass of an
electron |
|
Definition
| An opposite charge and a larger mass |
|
|
Term
| The spine is part of the ______ system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The study of the structure of organs and body systems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The study of the function of the organs and body systems. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The smallest parts of elements that still retain all the original properties of the element |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specific molecules combine to form _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The basic unit of all life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells combine in terms of function and type to form _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organs work together to perform a task the result is an _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The highest level of organization is the __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to each other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toward the upper end of the body or body structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toward the lower end of the body or body structure (opposite superior) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toward the front of the body or body structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toward the back of the body or body structure (opposite of anterior) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toward the middle of the body or body structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toward the outer sides of the body or body structure (opposite of medial) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Between medial and lateral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Away from the origin of the body part or point of attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toward or at the body surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Away from or below the body surface (the opposite of superficial) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cut made along a longitudinal plane dividing the body into right and left parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sagittal section made down the median of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cut made along a horizontal plane to divide the body into upper and lower regions
(cross section) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cut made along a longitudinal plane that divides the body into front and back regions
(coronal section) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contains the cranial cavity and spinal column |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen; diaphragm divides the ventral
cavity into the thoracic cavity (superior to the diaphragm); below the diaphragm are the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tissue Type: Connective tissue
Human body part:______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tissue Type: Epithelial tissue
Human body part:______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tissue Type: Muscle tissue
Human body part:______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tissue Type: Nervous tissue
Human body part:______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system works as the transportation system for substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system breaks down food so that the nutrients can be easily passed into the blood and circulated throughout the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system controls body functions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system protects internal tissues from injury, waterproofs the body, helps regulate body temperature. This system also serves as a barrier to foreign substances. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system helps cleanse the blood and houses the white blood cells that are involved in protecting the body from environmental pathogens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system produces movement through contractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system acts as the body's control system and is necessary to protect the body from changes in the internal and external environment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system produces offspring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system keeps all the cells in the body supplied with oxygen and removes the carbon dioxide. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system provides support and protection for the body, supplies a framework used to create movement, and serves as storage for minerals, such as calcium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system helps maintain the water and electrolyte balance within the body, regulates the acid-base balance in the blood, and removes all nitrogen-containing wastes from the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and it serves as the body's control system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart to the capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood vessels that transport blood from the capillaries back to the heart. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ are tiny blood vessels that transport blood from arteries to veins within the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sensory-somatic nervous system consists of ____ pairs of cranial nerves and ______ pairs of spinal nerves and associated ganglia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ are chemicals that break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into nutrients that can be absorbed through the wall of the intestine into the bloodstream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small intestine consists of the _______ , ________ , and _______ |
|
Definition
| duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
|
|
Term
| Rhythmic contractions that propel food towards the colon and anus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The surface area for absorption in the small intestine is increased as a result of _______ and ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is involved in the packaging and transport of proteins in the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A basic storage unit of the cell that can hold various compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contains digestive enzymes that are capable of disposing of cellular debris and worn cellular parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Functions to rid the body of toxic components, such as hydrogen peroxide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mitochondria is the site of ________ in cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is contained in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic (bacterial) cells, the DNA is located in the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eukaryotic (animal/plant) cells, the DNA is found in the ____ _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In bacteria, which lack nuclei, the large-massed nucleoids are found in the ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In animals and plants, the ______ separates the cytoplasm from the DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chromosomes are large structures of DNA that contain the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each _____ is a single molecule of DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA gives rise to RNA, which gives rise to _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three Types Of Stem Cells: |
|
Definition
Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent Cells |
|
|
Term
| The process of cell duplication in which two daughter cells receive exactly the same nuclear material as the original cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occurs among cells of the skin, the liver, and other organs in the digestive system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cells that form a new organism via sexual reproduction are called _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mitosis occurs to replace _____ in all cell types |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meiosis occurs in ______ to bring about genetic variation amongst offspring. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To determine whether or not this algae is an autotroph, observe for _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ allow an autotroph to use sunlight to produce glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chromosomes contain stretches of DNA called ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electromagnetic Radiation from long to short wavelengths |
|
Definition
radio waves
microwaves
infrared
visible
ultraviolet
x-ray
gamma ray |
|
|
Term
| Visible forms of electromagnetic radiation from long to short wavelengths |
|
Definition
"ROY G BIV"
red
orange
yellow
green
blue
indigo
violet |
|
|
Term
| Substances that cannot be broken into simpler types of matter are called _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Catalysts increase reaction rates by _______ activation energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Within a given family on the periodic table, atomic radii increase while electronegativity _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The groups on the periodic table that contain the most metalloids are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The use of enzymes for rapid reactions is driven by _________ factors such as temperature, pH, and substrate concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Saturated hydrocarbons also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One double bond are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is a form of chemical bonding that involves electron sharing between atoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suppose a phase transition occurs between a liquid and gas at -196° C. What is the Kelvin temperature? |
|
Definition
| The Kelvin temperature is found by adding 273 to the Celsius value. So, -196 + 273 = 77. |
|
|
