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Definition
| The science that studies organisms with the intent of arranging them into groups. |
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Definition
| The process of characterizing new organisms. |
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Definition
| The process of arranging organisms into related groups so they are more easily identified and studied. |
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Term
| What is the current mode of classification? |
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Definition
| Hierarchy of classification. |
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Definition
| The most exclusive category because it only contains a group of related organisms. |
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Definition
| A collection of related species. |
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Definition
| A colletion of similar genus. |
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Definition
| A collection of similar families. |
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Definition
| A collection of similar orders. |
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Definition
| A collection of similar classes. |
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Definition
| A collection of similar phyla/divisions. |
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Definition
| Most inclusive category which includes a collection of similar kingdoms. |
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Definition
| The system of assigning names to organisms. |
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Definition
| Botanist who generated our current naming system. |
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Term
| What is our current naming system called? |
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Definition
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Term
| All organisms are given a ____ _____ name generated from its ______ and specific ______. |
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Definition
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| The genus name is ______ and the species name is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The genus and specie are either _____ or ______ when hand written. |
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Definition
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| After the first time a name is used, it can later be shortened to the initial of the _____ followed by the species. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the classification system of our text? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are bacteria according to the three domain classification system? |
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Definition
| Single-celled prokaryotes and have three common shapes. Most have rigid cell wall which give its shape and made of peptidoglycan. |
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Term
| What are archaea according to the three domain classification system? |
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Definition
| They are single-celled prokaryotes and have specific shapes. They multiply by binary fission and move by flagella. They have rigid cell walls with NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN. They live in extreme environments where most others cannot. |
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Term
| What are eukarya according to the three domain classification system? |
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Definition
| They are single or multicellular eukaryotes. |
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Term
| What are the four kingdoms of eukarya? |
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Definition
| Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom PLantae, Kingdom Animalia. |
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Term
| What two organisms are in Kingdom Protista? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are algae and what are they classified by? |
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Definition
| Photosynthetic protists that (typically) posses rigid cell walls made of cellulose or silica. Classified by the type of chlorophyll they possess. |
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Term
| What are protoza and what are they classified by? |
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Definition
| Heterotrophic protists that usually lack cell walls that are classified by their means of locomotion. |
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Term
| What is the kingdom fungi? |
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Definition
| Saprobic organisms that posses cell walls made of chitlin and classified by their means of reproduction. |
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Term
| What is the kingdom plantae? |
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Definition
| Photosynthetic organisms that possess cell walls made of cellulose. |
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Term
| What is the kingdom animalia? |
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Definition
| heterotrophic organisms that lack cell walls. |
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Term
| Is there an official classification system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the refernce text of all known bacteria? |
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Definition
| Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. |
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Term
| What are 2 ways of classification of prokaryotes? |
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Definition
| Using phentotypic methods and using genotypic methods. |
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Term
| What are 3 groups of microscopic morphology? |
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Definition
| 1.)Shape 2.)Size and groupings 3.)Staining characteristics |
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Term
| What are some common shapes of prokaryotes? |
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Definition
| Coccus, bacillus, and spirillium. |
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Term
| What does pleomorphism mean? |
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Definition
| Variable shapes within a specific species. |
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Term
| Does size vary between bacteria, protozoan and fungi? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do bacteria adhere to each other usually? |
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Definition
| Yes, forms characteristic arrangements. |
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Term
| What are some techniques of staining techniques? |
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Definition
| Gram staining. flagellar, capsular and endospore stains are special. |
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Term
| What are 2 subcategories of metabolic differences?> |
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Definition
1.)culture characteristics
2.)biochemical tests |
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Term
| What are cultural differences? |
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Definition
| Which type of media the organism grows upon and the color and shape of the colonies can be helpful in identification. |
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Term
| What are biochemical tests? |
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Definition
| They determine the presence of chemical reactions. Ex: catalase tests, ureases test, sugar fermentation tests. |
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Term
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Definition
| Examining the differences in cell surface proteins and polysaccarides |
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Term
| What is fatty-acid analysis? |
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Definition
| Determines the type and relative quantity of fatty acids that make up cell membranes. |
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Term
| What is numerical taxonomy? |
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Definition
| comparing all the phenotypic characteristics of two or more species to determine total number of similarities. |
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Term
| What are 4 genotypic methods of identification? |
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Definition
| Nucleic acid probes, dna hybridization, DNA base ratio, comparing the sequence of 16S ribosomal nucleic acids. |
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Term
| What is a nucleic acid probe? |
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Definition
| Using strands of DNA to determine if unique nucleotide sequences are present in a particular species. |
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Term
| What is DNA hybridization? |
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Definition
| using DNA from two organisms to attempt to a hybridilize them to each other to determine their degree of nucleotide similarity. |
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Term
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Definition
| G + C content. Comparing the amount of G/C base pairings and A/T base parings. Each species has a relatively constant ratio of G/C to A/T. |
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Term
| What does comparing the sequence of 16S ribosomal nucleic acids do? |
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Definition
| Analyzing and comparing ribosomal RNA to determine relatedness of organisms. |
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