Term
| What are the two orders of tapeworms? |
|
Definition
True:Cyclophyllidea
False: Pseudophyllidea |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are adult cestodes found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the cestode life cycle direct or indirect? |
|
Definition
Indirect!
Intermediate hosts can be vertebrates or invertebrates |
|
|
Term
| Another name for tapeworm larva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the definitive host infected with a cestode infection? |
|
Definition
| By ingesting the intermediate host containing the metacestode |
|
|
Term
| Each Metacestode stage contains at least one of these that develops into the tapeworm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which metacestode has a single scolex in a liquid filled bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which have a cysticercoid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's an example of a species with a strobilocercus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which metacestode contains more that one scolex but not thousands |
|
Definition
Coenurus
Ex Multiceps spp |
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|
Term
| Which metacestode has a fluid filled bubble with thaounsads of scolices? |
|
Definition
Hydatid cyst
Ex. Echinococcus granulosus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which tapeworms have a scolex? |
|
Definition
| True tapeworms (order Cyclophyllidea) |
|
|
Term
| What does the final scolex consist of? |
|
Definition
4 radially dispersed muscular suckers
Rostellum (can be armed w/ hooks or unarmed) |
|
|
Term
| What do Pseudophyllidea have in place of the suckers? |
|
Definition
| Bothria- longitudinal grooves |
|
|
Term
| Repeating segments of a tapeworm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each proglottid contains which reproductive systems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aside from reproductive organs, what else do the proglottids contain? |
|
Definition
| Excretory structures and nerve cords |
|
|
Term
| How does the tapeworm absorb nutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do true tapeworms produce eggs? |
|
Definition
Do not lay or deposit!!
Gravid segments break off from tapeworm and exit host in feces |
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|
Term
| The gravid segment of true tapeworms can break apart where? |
|
Definition
| Lower intestinal tract or in the environment |
|
|
Term
| What is within a mature Cestode egg? |
|
Definition
First stage larva called a hexacanth embryo
*plus two membranes |
|
|
Term
| How long until the hexacanth embryo is infective for the intermediate host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe a pseudophyllidea egg |
|
Definition
| Operculated (has a cap on the end) |
|
|
Term
| What does a pseudophyllidea egg contain? |
|
Definition
| Ciliated larva called a coracidium |
|
|
Term
| How does pseudophyllidea lay its eggs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What speices is Dipylidium caninum found in? |
|
Definition
| Dog, cat, fox. Most common tapeworm found in dogs and cats |
|
|
Term
| Why is Dipylidium caninum called the double pore tapeworm? |
|
Definition
| It has two vaginal pores. |
|
|
Term
| What order does Dipylidium caninum belong to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How large does Dipylidium caninum get? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the proglottids of Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
Genital pores open laterally on either side
Eggs are in egg packets
Mature and gravid proglottids have a cucumber seed appearance |
|
|
Term
| Describe Dipylidium caninum rostellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Dipylidium caninum egg packets eaten by? |
|
Definition
Flea larvae
Rarely biting lice |
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|
Term
| What does the hexacanth embryo develop into in Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
| Develops into a cysticercoid in the flea as flea develops from larva-pupa-adult |
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|
Term
| How does a definitve host become infected in Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
When it eats an infected flea
Adults develop in small intestine |
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|
Term
| What is the PPP of Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
Usually minimal, possible emaciation
blockage in heavy infections is possible |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs of Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
Emaciation in severe infections
Abdominal discomfort, convulsion, nervous disorder (rare)
"scooting" but probably unrelated |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
Gravid segments around anus or in hair coat
Fresh look like cucumber seeds, Dry look like rice grains
Egg packets in fecal exam (vary from 150-200 um) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment and control of Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
Praziquantel (Droncit)
Epsiprantel (Cestex)
Treat fleas!!! |
|
|
Term
| Is Dipylidium caninum zoonotic? |
|
Definition
| Children have rarely become infected by ingesting fleas |
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|
Term
| What is the definitive host of members of the family Taeniidae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What eggs do members of Taeniidae produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two species we study in the family taeniidae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the metacestodes seen in Taenia spp? |
|
Definition
| Cysticercus, Strobilocercus, Coenurus |
|
|
Term
| What are the metacestodes seen in Echinococcus spp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Taenia Pisiformis
Definitive Host:
Metacestode:
Intermediate host:
Location in IH: |
|
Definition
D: Dog
M: Cysticercus
IH: Rabbit
L: Peritoneal cavity |
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|
Term
Taenia hydatigena
Definitive Host:
Metacestode:
Intermediate host:
Location in IH: |
|
Definition
Definitive Host: Dog
Metacestode: Cysticercus
Intermediate host: Cattle, sheep, deer
Location in IH: Peritoneal cavity
|
|
|
Term
Taenia ovis
Definitive Host:
Metacestode:
Intermediate host:
Location in IH:
|
|
Definition
Definitive Host: Dog
Metacestode: Cysticercus
Intermediate host: Sheep
Location in IH: Muscle
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|
|
Term
Taenia taeniaformis
Definitive Host:
Metacestode:
Intermediate host:
Location in IH:
|
|
Definition
Definitive Host: Cat
Metacestode: Strobilocercus
Intermediate host: Rodents
Location in IH: Liver
|
|
|
Term
Taenia serialis
Definitive Host:
Metacestode:
Intermediate host:
Location in IH:
|
|
Definition
Definitive Host: Dog
Metacestode: Coenurus
Intermediate host: Rabbit
Location in IH: CT
|
|
|
Term
Taenia multiceps
Definitive Host:
Metacestode:
Intermediate host:
Location in IH:
|
|
Definition
Definitive Host: Dog
Metacestode: Coenurus
Intermediate host: Sheep
Location in IH: Brain
|
|
|
Term
Echinococcus granulosus
Definitive Host:
Metacestode:
Intermediate host:
Location in IH:
|
|
Definition
Definitive Host: Dog, cat, fox
Metacestode: Unilocular hydatid cyst
Intermediate host: Sheep, humans
Location in IH: Lung, liver
|
|
|
Term
Echinococcus multilocularis
Definitive Host:
Metacestode:
Intermediate host:
Location in IH:
|
|
Definition
Definitive Host: Dog, cat, fox
Metacestode: Alveolar hydatid cyst
Intermediate host: Mice, voles, humans
Location in IH: Lung, liver, other organs
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|
|
Term
| How many genital pores are seen in taenids? |
|
Definition
| Just one single marginal genital pore |
|
|
Term
| How are eggs released in taenids? |
|
Definition
| Gravid segments break off and hexacanth embryos inside eggs are immediately infective for IH |
|
|
Term
Length of taenids?
Description of head?
Size of eggs? |
|
Definition
Few centimeters to several meters
Scolex with armed rostellum
Eggs brownish and about 40 um |
|
|
Term
| Metacestode with one invaginated scolex and a bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metacestode that is a cysticercus that has begun to elongate and segment while in the IH |
|
Definition
| Strobilocerucs (Taenia taeniaformis) |
|
|
Term
| A metacestode with a single bladder with many scolices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A metacestode consisting of a fluid filled cyst containing hundreds to thousands of scolices surrounded by a thickened membrane |
|
Definition
| Hydatid cyst (Echinococcus spp) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gravid segment passed in feces, break open in intestine or passed intact
Egg ingested by IH, hexacanth embryo liberated in SI
Migrates through mucosa to the bloodstream, carried to various organs
Develops in 2-3 months into a specific metacestode
Definitive host is infected by ingesting the metacestode
Metacestode released during digestion and matures in SI
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| typically no problems unless heavy infections |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the larval stages of taeniids |
|
Definition
Can cause severe disease
typically causes physiological or nurological damage to IH |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs of Taeniids |
|
Definition
No definite signs with adults
Heavy infection may cause obstruction
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Segments in feces
Eggs may be seen if proglottids disintegrate in gut
Fecal flotation
History of predation |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for taenia type tapeworms |
|
Definition
Fenbendazole
Praziquantel
Epsiprantel |
|
|
Term
| Control of taenia type tapeworms |
|
Definition
Regular anthelmintic treatment
Destroy cysticerci from slaughtered animals, keep pets away from carcasses
Cook meat! |
|
|
Term
| Are taenia type tapeworms zoonotic? |
|
Definition
Yes!
Hydatid disease and Alveolar hydatid disease
Caused by Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis (very small tapeworms) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Multilocular cysts contain hundreds to thousands of scolices develop in liver, lungs and other organs of the IH
Multilocular cysts are highly invasive in tissues of the IH, may mimick malignant metastatic tumors
Humans can be the IH and get the cysts in liver and lungs, brain and other organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dogs, coyotes, raccoons, foxes, cats |
|
|
Term
| Geographic distribution of Mesocestoides |
|
Definition
| Widely distributed but uncommon |
|
|
Term
Morphology of Mesocestoides
Scolex: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mesocestoides pouch of uterus where eggs are stored
What does this organ contain? |
|
Definition
Paruterine organ
Hexacanth embryos |
|
|
Term
| Size of eggs of Mesocestoides |
|
Definition
23 x 18 um
Thin shelled and hyaline in appearance |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about the life cycle of Mesocestoides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oribatid mite or dung beetle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals |
|
|
Term
| What does the metacestode of Mesocestoides look like in the 2nd IH? |
|
Definition
| Tetrathyridium found in serous cavities |
|
|
Term
| Description of tetrathyridia |
|
Definition
Flattened with invaginated scolex with four suckers
asexual multiplication
infective for DH |
|
|
Term
| How long after the 2nd IH is ingested does the tapeworm mature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of Mesocestoides |
|
Definition
INtestinal infections usually non-pathogenic
Tetrathyridial infections in dogs and cats can cause peritonitis |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs from adult Mesocestoides |
|
Definition
Usually none
anorexia
Loose, mucoid stools w/ tapeworm segments |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs of Tetrathyridia in Mesocestoides |
|
Definition
Anorexia and weight loss
depression
fever
emesis and diarrhea
abdominal distension |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Mesocestoides |
|
Definition
Usually observe motile segments in stools or from around perineum
demonstration of tetrathyridia in abominal effusion
recover eggs in fecal (rarely
ascites; distended fluid filled abdomen |
|
|
Term
| Treatment and Control of Mesocestoides |
|
Definition
Praziquantel
Fenbendazole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hosts of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Geographic Distribution of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
| Great lakes, central canada and alaska |
|
|
Term
| Order for Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IH of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
| Aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates |
|
|
Term
| How are eggs passed in Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Morphology of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
Large (several meters 10+)
Scolex elongated with two bothria (no suckers or hooks) |
|
|
Term
| Eggs of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
Operculate eggs escape intestine and it reaches water a ciliated larva (coracidium) will hatch
Swimming Coracidium ingested by aquatic crustacean
develops into a procercoid w/in body of copepod in 2-3 weeks |
|
|
Term
| First IH of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
| Copepod (aquatic crustacean) |
|
|
Term
| Life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum after 1IH |
|
Definition
Crustacean eaten by a fish and a plerocercoid develops in the fish musculature
Definitive host eats raw or badly cooked fish |
|
|
Term
| PPP of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
| Adult worm not very pathogenic in dogs |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
Fecal sedimation
ID operculated egg (don't confuse with Trematode egg!)
Egg's don't float well
65x40 uM |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Diphyllobothrium latum |
|
Definition
Praziquantel (droncit)
Cook fish! |
|
|
Term
| Is Diphyllobothrium latum zoonotic? |
|
Definition
| Yup. Anemia, diarrhea, constipation |
|
|
