Term
| Which dosage form is generally absorbed fastest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which dosage form is generally absorbed slowest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three factors that affect drug distribution throughout the body? |
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Definition
| Cardiac output, Regional blood flow, Drug reservoirs |
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Term
| What are the three primary means of drug elimination? |
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Definition
| Kidneys, Intestines, Respiratory system |
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Term
| What are at least 4 factors controlling the rate and extent of drug absorption? |
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Definition
1. Nature of absorbing surface through which drug must go
2. Blood flow to site of administration
3. Solubility of drug;PH
4. Drug concentration
5. Dosage form |
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Term
| Two drug distribution barriers the body has that are made of biologic membranes. |
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Definition
| The __Blood-brain barrier___ and __Placental barrier |
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Term
| Another name for metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
| The area of pharmacology that focuses on the method for achieving effective drug administration |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated throughout the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Can move a drug from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. |
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Definition
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Term
| Medications must go through disintegration and ____ in order to be absorbed across a cell membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| The substance into which a drug is compounded for initial delivery into the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| How are drugs eliminated from the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common means by which drugs traverse cell membranes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Another term for lozenges or pastilles |
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Definition
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Term
| A dosage form that is designed to mask taste, allow for easy swallowing, and contribute to controlled release of drugs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which drug dosage form consists of two immiscible liquids? |
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Definition
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Term
| For a drug to work, it must first |
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Definition
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Term
| The dosage form must be capable of _____ and _______ its content so the drug goes to its site of action |
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Definition
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Term
| Theses tablets are designed to pass through the stomach and release the medicine while in the small intestine. This prevents irritation in the stomach and the gastric juices from chemically destroying the drug |
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Definition
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Term
| What are parenteral dosages? |
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Definition
| Dose is given by injection under or through one or more layers of skin or mucous membrane |
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Term
| Define the types of parenteral dosages (how are they administered?) |
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Definition
| Routes- Subcutaneous, Intradermal, Intrathecal, Intracisternal, intramuscular, Intravenous, and intraarterial |
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Term
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Definition
| Beneath the skin or under all the layers |
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Term
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Definition
| Done within or between the layers of the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Occuring in the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Administered by entering a cisterna (fluid-containing sac) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of a suspension you may come in contact with often |
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Definition
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Term
| How does surface area affect drug absorption? |
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Definition
| A large surface area will allow for better absorption than does a smaller surface area |
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Term
| How does blood flow affect drug absorption? |
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Definition
| Blood must be flowing to the absorbing surface during the absorptive process to allow entry into the systemic circulation |
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Term
| What is first pass metabolism? |
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Definition
| Drugs that are administered orally travel to the liver first before entering blood stream |
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Term
| Generally thought to be catalysts responsible for changes in biochemical reactions, _____ occur throughout the body systems. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a predictable pharmacologic action on body systems other than the action intended. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is when two drugs are combined and cause a pharmacologic response that is greater than it would have been if the drugs had been given individually |
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Definition
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Term
| The method by which a drug elicits effects is known as the |
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Definition
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Term
| The organ on which the desired effect occurs is generally called the |
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Definition
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Term
| This occurs when a drug resembles the substrate to which an enzyme usually attaches. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is any unwanted effect from a drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Both toxic and allergic effects are known as |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the study of the manner in which drug effects are manifested. |
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Definition
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Term
| List the three mechanisms of action |
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Definition
Drug receptor interactions, drug-enzyme interactions,
nonspecific drug interactions |
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Term
| What is the term for specific biologic sites located on a cell surface or within a cell that attract certain drugs? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A drug with antagonist activity will |
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Definition
| Blocks the keyholes, so the door cannot be opened. Block receptors for which they have affinity |
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Term
|
Definition
| stimulate or enhances the body’s natural response to stimulation |
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Term
| What is the mechanism by which radiopaque contrast media elicit their desired effects through the radiopaque iodine contained within their structure? |
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Definition
| Nonspecific drug reaction |
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Term
| What term is used to describe how great the effect of a drug will be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term is used to describe how much of the drug is needed to get the desired effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| The time required for the current serum drug concentration to decline by 50% is called |
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Definition
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Term
| What does serum drug concentration mean? |
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Definition
| How much of the drug is in the blood |
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Term
| The ________ measures the relative safety of a drug |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| LD50- the dose where the drug is lethal to 50% of the population |
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Term
| The dose required to be effective in 50% of the population is referred to as the |
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Definition
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Term
| Name drugs that are considered to be completely safe. |
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Definition
| No drugs are completely safe |
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Term
| Children’s __________ are not fully mature and cannot handle adult doses. |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiopaque contrast media elicit their desired effects through the _________ contained in their structure |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the highest plasma concentration attained from a dose. |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to treat pain associated with inflammation by inhibiting production of various chemical mediators that stimulate pain receptors. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Technically a class of its own, but has the same actions similar to NSAIDS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Basic regulator of many metabolic processes in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Subclass of analgesic that stimulates CNS opioid receptors which decrease the perception of pain. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Medication type designed to eliminate excess fluid and sodium from the blood stream |
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Definition
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Term
| A lipid lowering medication, used to lower cholesterol |
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Definition
| Lovastatin, simvastatin,Cholestyramine |
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Term
| Medication type,pain relief,acute and chronic |
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Definition
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Term
| Blocks histamines from producing adverse effects |
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Definition
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Term
| Patients taking this type of medication has experienced a clot to the brain or heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of medication used to enhance thyroid function |
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Definition
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Term
| medication type that suppresses electrical conduction within the cardiac system and therefore decreases the arrhythmias |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of an IV drug used to increase the force of contraction in the failing heart |
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Definition
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Term
| Products not regulated by the FDA that may have similar effects as other medications or adverse effects with other medications |
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Definition
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Term
| An example of a diuretic medication |
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Definition
| Furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide |
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Term
| Most common analgesic, contained in almost all pain relievers |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Treats pain associated with muscle spasms |
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Definition
| Muscle relaxants ex: cyclobenzaprine, diazepam |
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Term
| Treats acute and chronic anxiety states, often used in MRI or CT for claustrophobia |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of medication breaks up a newly formed clot |
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Definition
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Term
| Increases force of contraction in a failing heart by stimulating a release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticlum |
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Definition
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|
Term
| An example of an anticoagulant medication |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Diphenhydramine, used often in radiology for contrast reactions |
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Definition
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|
Term
| An example of a thrombolytic |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| example of an antidepressant |
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Definition
| Zanax, valium, ativan, lorazepam |
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Term
|
Definition
| Nystatin, fluconazole, terbinazine |
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|
Term
| Balances sugars in blood stream with tissue sugar |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Treats clinical depression that results from neurotransmitter deficiencies |
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Definition
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Term
| Contained in many diabetic medication, can have adverse reaction with contrast media and must be stopped 48hrs post procedure |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to prevent and treat seizure disorders |
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Definition
| Antiseizure (anticonvulsant) |
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Term
| Kills or suppresses pathological microorganisms responsible for causing disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Treats delusions and psychotic episodes such as schizophrenia and hallucinations |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Acyclovir, interferon, ribavirin |
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Term
| Antihypertensive medication |
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Definition
| Verapamil, lisinopril, clonidine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ibuprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen |
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Term
| Limits the spread of viruses invading the body |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Example of antiseizure medication |
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Definition
| Phenytoin, diazepam, clonazepam |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extremely toxic compounds designed to kill off rapidly growing cancer cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Patients taking this type of medication have a history of blood clots or a potential to develop blood clots |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of chemotherapy drug |
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Definition
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