Term
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Definition
| The respiratory rate is about 14-20 per min in normal adults and up to 44 per min in infants |
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Term
| Slow Breathing (Bradypnea) |
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Definition
| Slow breathing may be secondary to such causes as diabetic coma, drug-induced respiratory depression, and increased intracranial pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breathing punctuated by frequent signs should alert you to the possibility of hyperventilation syndrome- a common cause of dyspnea and dizziness. Occasional sighs are normal. |
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Term
| Rapid shallow breathing (Tachypnea) |
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Definition
| has a number of causes, including restrictive lung disease, pleuritic chest pain, and elevated diaphragm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Periods of deep breathing alternate with periods of apnea (no breathing). Children and aging people normally may show this pattern in sleep. Other causes include heart failure, uremia, drug-induced respiratory depression and brain damage (typically on both sides of the cerebral hemispheres or diencephalon.) |
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Term
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Definition
| In obstructive lung disease, expiration is prolonged because narrowed airways increase the resistance to air flow. Causes include asthma, chronic bronchitis and COPD. |
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Term
| Rapid deep breathing (Hyperpnea, Hyperventilation) |
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Definition
| has several cause, including exercise, anxiety, and metabolic acidosis. In the comatose pt, consider infarction, hypoxia or hypoglycemia affecting the midbrain or pons. Kussmaul breathing is deep breathing due to metabolic acidosis. In may be fast, normal in rate or slow. |
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Term
| Ataxic breathing (Biot's breathing) |
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Definition
| characterized by unpredictable irregularity. Breaths may be shallow or deep, and stop for short periods. Causes include respiratory depression and brain damage, typically at the medullary level. |
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