Term
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Definition
| Packed cell volume (percentage of erythrocytes in blood volume) |
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Term
| Men and women hematocrit averages |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Erythrocytes
Buffy coat (platelets & leukocytes)
Plasma |
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Term
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Definition
Ions
Plasma proteins
Nutrients
Waste products |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Control osmotic pressure
Buffer changes in pH
Transport hydrophobic substances |
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Term
| 3 types of plasma proteins |
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Definition
Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen |
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Term
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Definition
| Colloid osmotic pressure, nonspecific transport |
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Term
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Definition
(alpha & beta) Specific transport
(gamma)Antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Location of erythropoiesis |
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Definition
| Red bone marrow (ribs, pelvis, sternum) |
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Term
| Erythropoiesis stimulation |
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Definition
| Low O2 in kidneys stimulates secretion of erythropoietin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Nutritional: lack of iron
Pernicious: fail to absort B12 needed for RBC production and maturation
Aplastic: bone marrow fails to produce RBCs
Renal: kidneys fail to produce erythropoietin
Hemorrhagic: excessive bleeding
Hemolytic: rupture of cycling RBCs |
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Term
|
Definition
Excess of circulating RBCs
Primary: tumor-like (bad)
Secondary: adaptation to low O2 (good) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Molecule that triggers an immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds with antigen and facilitates its destruction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Reaction of 2 incompatible blood types that leads to agglutination |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rh (+) can recieve from either type, Rh (-) can only recieve from Rh (-) type because they have Rh antibodies |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Disease producing microorganisms (specifically bacteria and viruses) |
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Term
|
Definition
Polymorphonuclear granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils
Mononuclear agranulocytes: basophils, monocytes
Lymphocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Phagocytosis or suicide bombing through release of neutrophil extracellular traps |
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Term
|
Definition
| Combats allergic reaction and parasitic worms |
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Term
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Definition
| Release histamine (for allergic reactions) and herapin (removal of fat particles from blood) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
B lymphocytes: antibodies
T lymphocytes: cell-mediated immunity (destruction of target cell through release of chemicals that punches holes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Overproduction of WBCs that leads to displacement of other bloods cells and failure to perform functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Fragments of megakaryocytes |
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Term
| Platlet production hormone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 major steps of hemostasis |
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Definition
Vascular spasm
Formation of platelet plug
Blood coagulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Immediate constriction of ruptured vessel (also causes endothelial surfaces to stick together) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Exposed collagen causes platelets to stick to endothelial surface, stimulation of ADP --> (+) feedback loop of platelet collection |
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Term
|
Definition
| NO and prostacyclin: keep platelet plug from encroaching on healthy vessel tissue |
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Term
| Clot formation (coagulation) |
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Definition
| Fibrinogen --> Fibrin with the help of thrombin, red color comes from trapped RBCs, factor XIII strengthens |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thrombin comes from inactive precursor prothrombin (conversion catalyzed by factor X) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Uses 12 different factors, Ca2+, and platelet factor 3 to produce a clot |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used for damaged vessels, set off by factor XII + collagen |
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Term
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Definition
| Clotting of blood escaped into the surrounding tissue, activated by tissue thromboplastin --> stimulation of factor X |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Inactive form plasminogen stimulated by factors (one of which is factor X from the clotting cascade) |
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Term
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Definition
| Clot attached to a vessel wall |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin necessary for clot formation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Defectiveness of clotting factor(s) |
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Term
| Platelet defficiency disease |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Produce or store lymphocytes. Bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, adenoids, appendix, gut-associated lymphoid tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Receptors on phagocytotic cells that act as the 'eyes' identifying pathogens |
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Term
| Innate immune system responses |
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Definition
| Inflammation, interferon, natural killer cells, complement system |
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Term
|
Definition
| Macrophages, vasodilation (histamine), capillary enlargement (histamine), increased blood pressure, walling off infection w/ blood clots, leukocytes, opsonins, phagocytosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Amoeba-like behavior of leukocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Leukocytes migrating along capillary walls |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of guiding phagocytic cells to site of infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by a variaty of immune cells that catalyze immune reactions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoids (cortisol), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (anti-histamine) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell infected by a virus produces this substance that binds to healthy neighbors to warn them of viral presence. Also stimulates natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| Immediately respond to pathogens by releasing a chemical that lyses them |
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Term
| Alternate complement pathway |
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Definition
| Innate system response to carbohydrate chains on microoranism surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| Innate system response in conjunction with antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| Triggered by antibodies, forms membrane attack complexes from plasma proteins, augments inflammation |
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Term
|
Definition
B: bone marrow
T: bone marrow --> thymus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bind to polysaccharide antigens |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Like toll-like receptors they act as the 'eyes' to identify antigens |
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Term
|
Definition
Plasma cells: antibodies
Memory cells |
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Term
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Definition
| IgM: BCR, IgG, IgE: alergic or worms, IgA, IgD |
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Term
|
Definition
Arms of Y: Fab
Stem of Y: Fc |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antibodies bind with antigens rendering them ineffective |
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Term
|
Definition
| Forms cross-links of antigens that precipitate out |
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Term
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Definition
| Antigen-antibody complexes that are overproduced and cause problems |
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Term
| Primary & secondary response times for B lymphocytes |
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Definition
Primary: long
Secondary: short & intense |
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Term
| Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) |
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Definition
| Must be present on pathogen for T-cell to bind |
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Term
|
Definition
Cytotoxic
Helper: orchastrate
Regulatory |
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Term
|
Definition
| Necessary for T-cells to repond to antigens |
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