Term
| Which parts of the kidney are important for the concentration of urine? |
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Definition
| The loops of Henle, the collecting ducts, and the vasa recta |
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Term
| What are the four requirements of countercurrent multiplication? |
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Definition
1 - Solute (NaCl) is actively reabsorbed from the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
2 - The permeability of the ascending limb to solvent (water) is extremely low which permits the formation of a diluted fluid as NaCl is removed and the water is trapped behind
3 - The solute which is transported out of the ascending limb enters the medullary interstitium and increases the osmolarity within the interstitium; since the descending limb is permeable to both solute and solvent, the tubular fluid becomes more concentrated as it flows down the descending limb and equilibrates with the interstitium
4 - The physical length of the loop plays a role in the degree to which the osmotic gradient within the medullary interstitium can rise |
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Term
| Where in the body can a concentrated interstitium be found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines the ultimate degree of solute concentration at the tip of the loop of Henle? |
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Definition
| The actual length of the loop of Henle |
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Term
| In a juxtamedullary nephron, is the fluid entering the distal convoluted tubule isoosmotic, hypoosmotic, or hyperosmotic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two areas of the nephron are significantly involved with the action of ADH? |
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Definition
| The cortical collecting tubules and the collecting duct itself |
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