Term
| The air-conducting portion of the respiratory system is composed of what? |
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Definition
| nasal cavities, associated paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles |
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Term
| The respiratory portion of the respiratory system is composed of what? |
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Definition
| respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli |
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Term
| What does the pulmonary lobule consist of? |
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Definition
| Terminal bronchioles and that portion of the lung which they supply |
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Term
| What are the four essential elements involved in the mechanism of ventilation? |
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Definition
Thoracic skeleton Intercostal muscles Diaphragm Elastic connective tissue within the lung |
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Term
| What are the epithelium types of the nasal vestibule? |
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Definition
External surface - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Internal surface - non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| Describe the epithelium of the respiratory region of the nasal cavities |
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Definition
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Lamina propia contains seromucus glands and rich superficial venous plexus |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the conchae in the nasal cavity? |
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Definition
| The conchae causes airflow turbulence which facilitates contact between the air and the mucous coating covering the respiratory region |
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Term
| What is the difference between the epithelium of the paranasal sinuses and the respiratory region? |
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Definition
| The paranasal sinuses are lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with fewer goblet cells and fewer glandular elements in the lamina propria |
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Term
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Definition
| The abundent mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue located deep to the nasopharynx epithelium |
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Term
| What are the four cell types of the olfactory epithelium and describe them |
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Definition
Basal cells - mitotically active and produce immature olfactory neurons
Differentiating (immature) olfactory neurons - arise from basal cells; proliferate during adult life; differentiate into mature olfactory neurons
Mature (bipolar) olfactory neurons - highly polarized, apical region directed toward muscosal lining and possesses 10-20 modified cilia; axon forms at its basal region; axons pass through cribiform plate of ethmoid bone to synapse on cells of the olfactory bulbs; lifespan of 30-60 days
Sustentacular (supporting) cells |
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Term
| What are the 2 functions of the larynx? |
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Definition
| Protection of the airway and vocalization |
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Term
| What epithelium type covers the larynx? |
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Definition
Stratified squamous epithelium covers the lingual aspect of epiglottis and the true vocal cords
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium containing goblet cells covers the remainder |
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Term
| In what portion of the larynx does the lamina propria not contain numerous seromucous glands and mast cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the respiratory system, in what layer are neuroendocrine cells located? |
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Definition
They are located on the basement membrane
They have a clear cytoplasm and dark nuclei and are most numerous in smaller bronchi and fetal bronchi; they can exist as scattered cells or aggregates |
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Term
| Bronchioles lack ____________ but have an increased amount of ____________ and ___________. |
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Definition
| Bronchioles lack cartilage plates but have an increased amount of elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells. |
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Term
| Are Clara cells ciliated and mucous-secreting? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of epithelium lines respiratory bronchioles? |
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Definition
| Respiratory bronchioles are lined by cuboidal epithelium with Clara cells |
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Term
| What do the pores of Kohn do? |
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Definition
| They provide a direct communication between adjacent alveoli |
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Term
| Describe Type I pneumocytes |
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Definition
Represent 40% of the alveolar cell population, but for 90% of the alveolar lining
They are FLAT |
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