Term
| What is the more concerning type of arrythmia? |
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Definition
| Ventricular is more concern than supraventricular |
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Term
| What is another term for supraventricular? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do supraventricular (atrial) arrythmias have a large effect on cardiac output? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is sinus tachycardia? |
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Definition
| tachycardia due to SA node rate increase |
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Term
| What is atrial fibrillation? |
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Definition
| irregularly irregular arrythmia of atria, 300-600 bpm with no pattern |
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Term
| What does PSVT stand for? |
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Definition
| paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia |
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Term
| What does AVNRT stand for? |
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Definition
| atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardias |
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Term
|
Definition
| Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome |
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Term
| What is a regular vs irregular arrythmia? |
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Definition
| Regular are either too fast or too slow, irregular have non uniform tempo |
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Term
| Can sinus tachycardia be normal? |
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Definition
| yes, exercise induces increased heart rate, as does 'fight or flight' ANS stimulation |
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Term
| What are pathological causes of sinus tachycardia? |
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Definition
| anemia, hyperthyroidism, heart failure |
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Term
| What is sinus tachycardia's tx? |
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Definition
| Treat underlying dx, or use agent that slows SA node |
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Term
| Name two drugs that treat sinus tachycardia |
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Definition
| beta blockers, calcium antagonists |
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Term
| Does Dr Smith condone scoring illicit propranolol if it will help you through a proficiency? |
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Definition
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Term
| In atrial fibrillation, do the atria and ventricles beat together? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the ventricle contraction rate in atrial fibrillation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is ventricle contraction rate regular in atrial fibrillation? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What can cause atrial fibrillation? |
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Definition
Classic' triad: rheumatic heart dx, EtOH (damages myocardium), thyrotoxicosis
Most common cause: HTN, HF (most common cause), stress, smoking, familial |
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Term
| What are tx's for atrial fibrillation? |
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Definition
resolve underlying causes
slow ventricular contractions (beta blockers)
Prevent clotting (anticoagulants)
radiofrequency ablation
electrical cardioversion |
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Term
| Name two drugs that prolongs AP's for atrial fibrillation |
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Definition
| amiodarone or vernakalant |
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Term
| Name two drugs that prolongs AP's for atrial fibrillation |
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Definition
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Term
| What sets the stage for clotting of blood and formation of thrombus/emboli? |
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Definition
| Any time blood is not moving quickly and efficiently, i.e. when the heart is beating irregularly |
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Term
| What are adverse ocular rxn's of amiodarone? |
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Definition
90% develop corneal microdeposits
disc edema
optic neuritis (rare but permanent)
lens opacities |
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Term
| What is radiofrequency ablation? |
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Definition
Pulmonary veins --> atria and have receptors that influence SA node in atria, therefore if they are destroyed, heartrate slows.
Some practitioners believe it is more effective than meds |
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Term
| What is a controversial tx of atrial fibrillation that may have fewer side effects than long term meds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are adverse ocular rxn's of warfarin? |
|
Definition
subconjunctival hemorrhage
spontaneous hyphema
retinal hemorrhage
vitreous hemorrhage
cerebral hemorrhage (bad) |
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Term
| What causes fine, brownish gold deposits in a whorl type pattern of iodine deposition in the cornea? |
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Definition
AmIODarone (note iodine root)
Will go away in 6-8 months if discontinued
Harmless |
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Term
| What is AV Nodal re-entry tachycardia? |
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Definition
| HR = 150 - 250 bpm caused by two functionally different paths through the AV node ( two different tissue types) |
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Term
| What are s/sx of AV nodal re-entry tachycardia? |
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Definition
| palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, pre-syncope, HR 150-250 |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of AV Nodal re-entry tachycardia? |
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Definition
| Two different pulses travel through the heart, causing irregular contraction |
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Term
| What is AV node re-entry? |
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Definition
| When there are two signals, one fast and one slow, that are spaced such that eventually one signal induces premature contraction immediately after the other signal has already caused contraction. Heart ends up with an overall irregular, overstimulated HR |
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