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Systemic Dx Exam 3 Oncology 2
Reynolds
87
Medical
Graduate
03/16/2011

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Cards

Term
Most common cancer?
Definition
lung cancer
Term
Is lung cancer most commo in men or women?*
Definition
both
Term
What cancer has one of the worst prognosis'?
Definition
lung cancer
Term
Name the type of lung cancer with a 2-4 mo survival rate (w/o tx)
Definition
small-cell carcinoma
Term
What are the first two signs of lung cancer?*
Definition
cough and anorexia/weight loss
Term
What is hemoptysis?
Definition
coughing up blood
Term
What are the 3 main tx of lung cancer?
Definition
surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
Term
Do lung cancer treatments incrase long term survival?*
Definition
not really
Term
What does palliative mean?
Definition
reducing the symptoms of a dx, improving quality of life instead of curing the dx
Term
What % of lung cancers involve tobacco use history?*
Definition
87.00000%
Term
What are common environmental risks for lung cancer?
Definition
industrial carcinogens and air pollution
Term
What is the #1 cause of death in smokers?
Definition
lung cancer
Term
What is the most common cancer in women?*
Definition
breast cancer
Term
What is the most common cause of death in women 40-44 yo?*
Definition
breast cancer
Term
What mutation is often seen in breast cancer?
Definition
BRCA 1 gene or BRCA 2 gene (tumor suppressor genes)
Term
What is HER-2/neu?
Definition
Oncogene associated with a poorer prognosis
Term
What are signs of breast cancer?
Definition
breast lump or bloody discharge
Term
What kind of cancers does estrogen stimulate?
Definition
ER+
Term
What are two ways to image breast cancers?
Definition
ultrasounds or mammograms
Term
Where is a 70% long term remission seen?*
Definition
breast cancer
Term
What is oophorectomy?
Definition
a method of decreasing estrogen
Term
What is tamoxifen?*
Definition
hormonal therapy for breast cancer; estrogen receptor antagonist
Term
What is herceptin?
Definition
chemotherapy drug
Term
What is a rare side effect for tamoxifen?*
Definition
retinopathy
Term
When is tamoxifen used?
Definition
If the cancer is ER+
Term
What are risk factors for breast cancer?
Definition
early menarche
late menopause
familial dx
alcohol
prior breast cancer
Term
What detects twice as many cancers as mammogram or ultrasound?
Definition
MRI
Term
What can cause cancer with a BRCA + pt?
Definition
MRI
Term
What is the risk of cancer if you have BRCA1?
Definition
breast cancer 57%; ovarian cancer 40%
Term
What is the risk of cancer if you have BRCA2?
Definition
49% breast cancer; 18% ovarian cancer
Term
What is the 4th most common cancer in the US?
Definition
colorectal
Term
What cancer has the 2nd highest mortality rate in men and 3rd highest in women?
Definition
colorectal cancer
Term
What % of pt's already have metastases at diagnosis of colorectal cancer?
Definition
60.00000%
Term
With regards to colorectal cancer, what is a late sign?*
Definition
rectal bleeding
Term
Increased CEA is seen in what dx?*
Definition
colorectal cancer
Term
What is CEA?
Definition
carcinogenci embryonic antigen
Term
What cancer are epidermal growth factor inhibitors used in?
Definition
colorectal
Term
What is panitumumab?
Definition
human IgG Ab
Term
What is an important side effect of panitumumab?*
Definition
ocular toxicities
Term
What are risk factors for colorectal cancer?
Definition
familial history; ulcerative colitis or Crohns, adenomatous polyps
Term
How can colorectal cancer be screened for?*
Definition
check stools for DNA indicative of cancer
Term
What age should colonoscopy start?*
Definition
50
Term
What % of colorectal cancers occur in pts with no increased risk?*
Definition
75.00000%
Term
What are 5 risk factors for liver cancer?
Definition
hep B
heb c
cirrhosis
hemochromatosis
alcoholism
Term
Is liver cancer usually primary cancer?
Definition
no, it has often metastasized to the liver
Term
What does increased AFP mean?*
Definition
sign of liver cancer
Term
What is AFP?
Definition
alpha-fetoprotein
Term
What is the 5th leading cause of cancer death?
Definition
pancreas
Term
What is the typical age of onset for pancreas cancer?
Definition
>60 yo
Term
What increases pancreas cancer risk?
Definition
2x smoking risk, alcohol also increases
Term
what is the 5 year survival rate for pancreas cancer?
Definition
2.00000%
Term
What are other GI cancers?
Definition
esophagus and stomach
Term
Where is a non-healing ulcer often seen?
Definition
stomach cancer
Term
What is the main risk for oral cancer?
Definition
tobacco and alcohol
Term
What used to be a common cause of cancer death?
Definition
cervical cancer
Term
What cancer rate has decreased over 50% in last 30 years?*
Definition
cervical cancer
Term
What are risk factors for cervical cancer?
Definition
HIV infection
sexual intercourse
HPV*
Term
What age should PAP smears start at?
Definition
21
Term
What should be the interval of PAP smears?
Definition
3 years
Term
What age are PAP smears no longer necessary?
Definition
65
Term
What HPV strains does gardasil prevent?
Definition
HPV 6, 11, 16, 18
Term
What HPV strains cause 90% of venereal warts?
Definition
6, 11
Term
What HPV strains cause 70% of cervical cancers?
Definition
16, 18
Term
What is the most common gynecologic malignancy?
Definition
uterine cancer
Term
What is the #1 symptom of uterine cancer?
Definition
abnormal bleeding
Term
What are common risks of uterine cancer?
Definition
obesity, diabetes, polycystic ovarian dx, unopposed estrogen use
Term
What is the most lethal gynecologic cancer?
Definition
ovarian cancer
Term
Where is ovarian cancer most common?
Definition
women >60 yo
Term
What is the CA-125 marker a sign of?*
Definition
ovarian cancer
Term
What is the most common male cancer?*
Definition
prostate
Term
What is the median age of death in prostate cancer?
Definition
81
Term
What is the 2nd or 3rd most common cause of death in men?
Definition
prostate
Term
What are 2 complications of prostate cancer surgery?*
Definition
urinary incontinence; impotence
Term
Who has a higher risk of prostate cancer?
Definition
those with familial history, black
Term
What is PSA?*
Definition
Prostate Specific Antigen, if this increases it is a marker for prostate cancer
Term
What percentage of men >70 yo have small prostate cancers during autopsy?
Definition
80.00000%
Term
What is the peak age for testicular cancer?
Definition
20-35 yo
Term
What is the major predisposing factor for testicular cancer?
Definition
undescended testicle
Term
What cancer presents with blood in the urine?
Definition
bladder and kidney cancer
Term
What is primary vs secondary cancer?
Definition
primary is the origin of the cancer, secondary is metastasized cancer
Term
What cancer presents visual symptoms and headache?*
Definition
brain cancer
Term
What is a highly fatal, difficult to treat cancer?
Definition
brain cancer
Term
What is a leading cause of pediatric cancer deaths?
Definition
brain cancer
Term
What is a rare primary cancer?
Definition
bone
Term
What is retinoblastoma?
Definition
Rb1 gene mutation --> absense of tumor suppressor gene
Term
What does the absence of Rb1 do to retinoblastoma risk?
Definition
increases it 10,000x
Term
What % of retinoblastoma is hereditary?
Definition
40.00000%
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