Term
| What are the two normal growth options? |
|
Definition
| proliferation; differentiation |
|
|
Term
| Is the basement membrane intact in preneoplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of preneoplasia |
|
Definition
| hyperplasia; metaplasia; dysplasia |
|
|
Term
| Is preneoplasia initially limited to a particular cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is neoplasia's sequence |
|
Definition
1. development
2. increase in #
3. invasion of adjacent tissues
4. metastasis into lymph and blood |
|
|
Term
| Environmental and host factors are: |
|
Definition
| environmental and genetic factors |
|
|
Term
| What fails when cancer initiates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does any individual cell have a high probability of becoming cancerous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What usually mutates in cancer? |
|
Definition
| cellular growth-controlling genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemicals produced by one cell tha act on another cell |
|
|
Term
| Can mitogens stimulate AND inhibit growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mutated genes that cause abnormal cells and abnormal cell growth |
|
|
Term
| How can oncogenes be transferred?* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum # of oncogenes necessary for abnormal cell growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are tumor suppressor genes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for tumor suppressor genes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Li-Fraumeni Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| tumor suppressor gene is inactivated |
|
|
Term
| How is Li -Fraumeni Syndrome acquired? |
|
Definition
| genetic mutation or familial tendency for cancers |
|
|
Term
| What is the common age for Li-Fraumeni Syndrome related cancers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Is the 2nd leading cause of death in US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of death in ages 60-79 |
|
Definition
| cancer; 1/4 will die of cancer |
|
|
Term
| 75% of cancers occur in:* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the top 4 cancers in women? |
|
Definition
| breast; lung; colon; uterine |
|
|
Term
| What are the top 4 cancers in men? |
|
Definition
| prostate; lung; colon; urinary |
|
|
Term
| What are the top 4 cancer deaths in women? |
|
Definition
| lung; breast; colon; pancreas |
|
|
Term
| What are the top 4 cancer deaths in men? |
|
Definition
| lung; prostate; colon; pancreas |
|
|
Term
| What is primary cancer prevention? |
|
Definition
| avoiding development of the dx |
|
|
Term
| What is secondary cancer prevention? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is tertiary cncer prevention? |
|
Definition
| reducing effects of cancer if already developed |
|
|
Term
| What % of cancers may involve environmental factors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are cancer detection methods used? |
|
Definition
| Only if they are accurate, screen for common cancers, and screen for treatable cancers |
|
|
Term
| What is risk stratification? |
|
Definition
| Deciding who to screen depending on cost-benefit analysis |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of cancer tx? |
|
Definition
1. Response
2. partial vs complete remission
3. Curative
4. palliative tx
5. pain relief
6. Quality vs quantity of life |
|
|
Term
| What are the top 3 cancer tx's? |
|
Definition
| surgery; radiation; chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 lesser known cancer tx's? |
|
Definition
| nutritional suport and alternative tx |
|
|
Term
| Do alternative cancer tx's work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T = tumor size; N = # and location of regional nodes; M = metastasis, is it distant metastasis or not |
|
|
Term
| What kind of cancer responds best to surgery?* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of cancers respond best to chemotherapy and radiation therapy?* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an inoperable cancer? |
|
Definition
| one near a vital structure that cannot be safely removed |
|
|
Term
| What % of cancer pt's require radiation therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is pre operative radiation used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is post operative radiation used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can inflammation from radiation therapy last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can fibrosis and scariing remain after radiation therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are systemic effects of radiation therapy? |
|
Definition
| malaise, decreased RBC count, anorexia |
|
|
Term
| What skin problems can radiation cause? |
|
Definition
| pruritis, skin shedding, burn |
|
|
Term
| What does chemotherapy kill?* |
|
Definition
| The most actively reproducing cells: cancer, hair, stomach, bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| What is combination chemotherapy?* |
|
Definition
| Used to 'shotgun' cancer to cover mutation variables that cause drug resistance |
|
|
Term
| What are chemotherapy classes? (7) |
|
Definition
1. alkylating agents
2. microtubule inhibitors
3. anti-biotics
4. antimetabolites
5. Topoisomerase I inhibitors
6. monoclonal Ab
7. Other |
|
|
Term
| What do alkylating agents do? |
|
Definition
| interfere with DNA, RNA and nuclear/cytoplasmic proteins |
|
|
Term
| Do alklylating agents differentiate between resting and reproducing cells?* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a bad side effect of alkylating agents?* |
|
Definition
| can cause secondary cancers |
|
|
Term
| What do microtubule inhibitors do?* |
|
Definition
| inhibit cell division by interfering with microtubules |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 negative SE of microtubule inhibitors |
|
Definition
| neurotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, alopecia |
|
|
Term
| How to anti-biotics treat cancer?* |
|
Definition
| bind with DNA and inhibit reproduction |
|
|
Term
| What is an important property of dactinomycin? |
|
Definition
| it is corrosive, the dust and vapor irritate the eyes |
|
|
Term
| How do anti-metabolites attack cancer?* |
|
Definition
| interfere with RNA an DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5 fluorouracil (5-FU); causes ocular inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trastuzumab and rituximab |
|
|
Term
| What monoclonal Ab is an epidermal growth factor inhibitor?* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do topoisomerase I inhibitors do?* |
|
Definition
| blocks topoisomerase I enzyme |
|
|
Term
| What agent can cause meyelosuppression, such as neutropenia? |
|
Definition
| topoisomerase I inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone destruction from metastasis |
|
|
Term
| How is cancer tx induced nausea treated? |
|
Definition
| serotonis receptor antagonist; dronabinol or marinol |
|
|
Term
| What is a serotonin receptor antagonist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are serotonin receptor antagonists given?* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does chemotherapy relase into the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
