Term
|
Definition
| Na/K pump med that lowers pulse rate |
|
|
Term
| What drugs cause slower AV node conduction to slow, contractility to increase and increases intracellular Ca++? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are SE of Na/K pump meds? |
|
Definition
| blurred vision, 'ice blue' tinge to color, haloes on dark objects |
|
|
Term
| What is verapamil's mechanism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do CCB's do to the heart? |
|
Definition
| decrease contractility, slow HR by interfering with SA and AV node repolarization |
|
|
Term
| What can Beta blockers do to the heart? |
|
Definition
| block epinephrine, cause decreased HR and contractility |
|
|
Term
| What is a cardiac CI for beta blocker |
|
Definition
| severe heart block patients |
|
|
Term
| What three classes of drugs act on the Renin-Angiotensin system to treat HTN? |
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II antagonists, Renin inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| What HTN drugs are protective of the kidney for diabetics beyond what the BP drop alone would imply? |
|
Definition
| Renin-Angiotensin acting drugs |
|
|
Term
| What HTN tx may initially work but then rebound back to previous levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diuretics used for renal, cardiac, and BP tx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bumetanide is stronger, furosemide is more commonly Rx'd |
|
|
Term
| Name two potassium sparing diuretics |
|
Definition
| spironolactone, triamterene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a weak diuretic to treat glaucoma or disc edema |
|
|
Term
| What are osmotic diuretics used for? |
|
Definition
| glaucoma: mannitol, urea, isosorbide |
|
|
Term
| When is dialysis initiated? |
|
Definition
| When GFR < 10 ml/min for non DM; <15 ml/min for DM |
|
|
Term
| Name 7 s/sx that can inititate dialysis tx |
|
Definition
| uremia, low GFR rate, persistent edema, acidosis, hyperkalemia, HF, encephalopathy |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 typos of kidney replacement therapies |
|
Definition
| hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal transplantation |
|
|
Term
| What is the fluid that absorbs toxins during dialysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often is hemodialysis needed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is hemodialysis poor at removing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis |
|
|
Term
| What dialysis tx has fewer dietary restrictions? |
|
Definition
| peritoneal dialysis has fewer than hemodialysis |
|
|
Term
| What are the three drugs used to prevent organ rejection in renal transplantation? |
|
Definition
| corticosteroid, calcineurin inhibitor, anti-metabolite |
|
|
Term
| What does calcineurin inhibitor do? How does it work? |
|
Definition
| Prevent organ rejection; decrease T-cell IL-2 production |
|
|
Term
| What do anti-metabolite drugs do? |
|
Definition
| Prevent organ rejection; stops lymphocyte proliferation and activation |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 risks of long term corticosteroid use |
|
Definition
| cataract, glaucoma, papilledema |
|
|
Term
| What is Kaposi's sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| malignancy induced by renal transplant |
|
|
Term
| What does renal transplant do to incidence of cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medications are toxic to kidney? |
|
Definition
| aminoglycosides and tetracyclines |
|
|
Term
| what is the tetracycline that is NOT toxic to the kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two ocular dz's are increased by CKD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ca++ sulfate and phosphate ppt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is damaged in ATN, what is the result? |
|
Definition
| epithelial cells drop ion transport; endothelins increase, nitric oxide is reduced, PG's are reduced --> vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What happens to serum levels in ATN? |
|
Definition
| decreased blood volume, increased waste in blood |
|
|
Term
| What are the main s/sx of malignant HTN? |
|
Definition
| ocular anomalies due to increased BP |
|
|
Term
| What dz is caused by fibrosis induced stenosis of tubules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is released in malignant HTN that exacerbates things? |
|
Definition
| renin --> vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What do steroids do in ARF? |
|
Definition
| cause it, by inhibiting PG synth --> vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 glomelular dz's |
|
Definition
| nephrotic synd, nephritic synd, MPGN |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 tubule and interstitial dz's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some DDx's of Nephritic vs Nephrotic syndrome? |
|
Definition
Nephrotic: Massive Proteinura, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, pitting edema
Nephritic synd: hematuria and lesser proteinuria, oliguria, HTN due to salt/fluid retention, |
|
|
Term
| What are some similarities between Nephrotic and Nephritic? |
|
Definition
| both have edema that starts at eyelids, both have protienuria though nephrotic more severe. |
|
|
Term
| What presents with HTN, nephrotic or nephritic syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tx may cause steroid dependence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two RAS related tx for nephrotic syndrome |
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II antagonists ( ARB's) |
|
|
Term
| Does nephrotic or nephritic syndrome require thrombo-prophylaxis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does strep infection precede nephritic or nephrotic syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is nephritic syndrome most common? |
|
Definition
| In children, and during summer/fall |
|
|
Term
| After strep pyoderma infection, what % will develop nephritic syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 rare causes of nephritic syndrome |
|
Definition
| SLE, subacute bacterial endocarditis, idiopathic |
|
|
Term
| What is the tx for nephritic syndrome? |
|
Definition
salt restriction, diuretics
Complete recovery can take 1-2 years, though 90% will fully recover. Rarely causes chronic renal failure |
|
|
Term
| What is MPGN also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does MPGN cause nephrotic or nephritic syndrome? |
|
Definition
| nephrotic (note: MPGN causes HTN so nephrotic can be seen with HTN though it does not cause it) |
|
|
Term
| What presents with bilateral clustered drusen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are long term effects of MPGN? |
|
Definition
|
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