Term
| These glands are ductless and highly vascularized. |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure acts as the primary driver (ie. gas and brake) of the endocrine system? |
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Definition
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Term
| With respect to the endocrine system, who is Captain Picard and who is Riker? |
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Definition
Picard = hypothalamus
Riker = pituitary gland |
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Term
A primary endocrine disorder has to do with:
A secondary endocrine disorder has to do with:
A tertiary endocrine disorder has to do with: |
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Definition
Primary: Glands or hormones.
Secondary: The pituitary gland not doing its job.
Tertiary: Even further up the chain of command, when the hypothalamus isn't doing its job. |
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Term
What's the scientific name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland? What hormones does it secrete?
What's the scientific name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? What hormones does it secrete? |
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Definition
Anterior lobe = adenohypophysis
- Lactogenic hormone (aka Prolactin)
- GH
- ACTH
- TSH
- FSH
- LH
Posterior lobe = neurohypophysis
- Vasopressin (ADH)
- Oxytocin |
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Term
| What's the difference between impotence and decreased libido? Oversecretion of what pituitary hormone will cause both of these problems in men? |
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Definition
impotence = inability to maintain an erection;
decreased libido = lack of sexual desire
Hypersecretion of Lactogenic hormone (prolactin) causes these in men. |
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Term
What does Lactogenic hormone (prolactin) do?
Hypersecretion? |
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Definition
It aids in the development of mammary glands and physiologic functions of ovary, testes, and prostate.
Hypersecretion:
Women --> galactorrhea (inappropriate production of milk), amenorrhea ("without monthly flow")
Men --> impotence, decreased libido
Both --> headaches, infertility, weight gain |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Galactorrhea
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
|
Definition
Galactorrhea
(in women)
Hypersecretion of Lactogenic Hormone (prolactin) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Amenorrhea
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
|
Definition
Amenorrhea
(in women …obviously)
Hypersecretion of Lactogenic Hormone (prolactin) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Impotence
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
|
Definition
Impotence
(in men)
Hypersecretion of Lactogenic Hormone (prolactin) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Decreased libido
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
|
Definition
Decreased libido
(in men)
Hypersecretion of Lactogenic Hormone (prolactin) |
|
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Infertility, headaches, and weight gain
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
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Definition
Infertility
Hypersecretion of Lactogenic Hormone (prolactin) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Gigantism
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
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Definition
Gigantism
Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Acromegaly
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
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Definition
Acromegaly
Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone |
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Term
| What is the most common pituitary disorder, by far? |
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Definition
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Term
| This hormone promotes metabolism and growth. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| This hormone promotes synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids. (ie. promotes gluconeogenesis) |
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Definition
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
|
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Term
| This hormone promotes release of mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens. |
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Definition
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
"Moon face"
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
"Buffalo hump"
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Easy bruising
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
|
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Acne
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Depression
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Fluid loss with hypotension, hyponatremia, muscle weakness, and skin pigment changes.
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Skin pigmentation changes
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Term
| Addison's disease is (hyper-/hypo-)secretion of what hormone? |
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Increased metabolic rate, tremor, heat intolerance, weight loss.
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
|
Definition
| Hypersecretion of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
|
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Decreased metabolic rate, cold intolerance, weight gain, brittle hair, brittle nails.
What hormone?
Hyper- or hyposecretion? |
|
Definition
| Hyposecretion of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
|
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Term
| This pituitary hormone promotes spermatogenesis in males. |
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Definition
| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
|
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Term
| This pituitary hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles and produces estrogen in women. |
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Definition
| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
|
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Term
| This pituitary hormone stimulates testosterone synthesis in males. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| This pituitary hormone stimulates the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum in women. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| This pituitary hormone acts on the kidney to promote reabsorption of water into circulation. |
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Definition
| Arginine vasopressin (ADH) |
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Term
| This pituitary hormone, in very high doses, is a potent vasoconstrictor. |
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Definition
| Arginine vasopressin (ADH) |
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Term
Pituitary hormone problem:
Diabetes insipidus
What hormone?
Insufficiency or excess? |
|
Definition
Arginine vasopressin (ADH) insufficiency
Note: Diabetes = "water running through the body"; Insipidus = "no taste" |
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Term
| What does Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus have in common? |
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Definition
| They're both called Diabetes. …So, nothing. |
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Term
| This pituitary hormone stimulates uterine contraction. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| This pituitary hormone stimulates the ejection of milk in lactating women. |
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Definition
Oxytocin
(OHHH!! NOT prolactin! Prolactin results in galactorrhea, which is an inappropriate production of milk, as well as development of the mammary glands. The actual giving of milk to babies is due to our buddy, oxytocin.) |
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|
Term
| This pituitary hormone promotes trust in humans. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the pituitary hormone!!
"I have nipples, Greg… Can you milk me?"
~Meet the Parents |
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Definition
| Lactogenic Hormone (Prolactin) |
|
|
Term
Name the pituitary hormone!!
"Do you trust me?"
"What?"
"Do you trust me?"
~Aladdin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Name the pituitary hormone!!
Some movie quote about having too much testosterone. |
|
Definition
| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
|
|
Term
| Why do folks with ACTH hypersecretion get acne? |
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Definition
| Because the body can't mobilize the white blood cells due to the immune dampening. |
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|
Term
| What is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism? |
|
Definition
| Pituitary tumor (adenoma) |
|
|
Term
| Is a pituitary tumor secretory or nonsecretory? |
|
Definition
Could be either.
May stimulate release, may block release, may do nothing. |
|
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Term
| This type of adenoma is one that the pt doesn't notice so much, but results in the pituitary getting huge. Causes a lot of eye signs, so ODs are likely the ones to catch it. |
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Definition
| "Nonfunctional" adenoma, in which hormone release is blocked. |
|
|
Term
| What age range is the peak incidence for pituitary tumors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false:
Most pituitary tumors are benign. |
|
Definition
True.
However, continued growth can result in neurologic damage. |
|
|
Term
If a pituitary tumor exceeds 1 cm, it's called:
If it is less than 1 cm, it's called: |
|
Definition
Macroadenomas = > 1 cm
Microadenomas = < 1 cm |
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|
Term
| What is the #1 most common disorder seen due to pituitary adenoma? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the most common disorders (3) seen due to pituitary tumors? What is the result of those disorders? |
|
Definition
1. Hyperprolactinemia: amenorrhea, galactorrhea, impotence
2. ACTH: Cushing's disease
3. Growth Hormone: acromegaly |
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|
Term
| Can a person have hypopituitarism with compressive macroadenomas? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What ocular manifestations will you see with microadenomas? |
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Definition
| None. Pituitary's not big enough to cause any problems. |
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Term
| What cranial nerves will end up having problems when a macroadenomas pituitary gland encroaches on the cavernous sinus? |
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Definition
| III, IV, VI, and the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of CN V |
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|
Term
| What visual field defects will you find with a macroadenomas pituiatry tumor? |
|
Definition
| Bitemporal hemianopsia (usually bitemporal - not necessarily). |
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|
Term
| When you get bitemporal hemianopsia from a macroadenomas pituitary tumor, how would you describe the progression of field loss? |
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Definition
| Superior temporal field is usually first affected. Field loss works its way inferior from there. |
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|
Term
| Might you experience headache with a macroadenomas pituitary tumor? |
|
Definition
You bet your sweet muffins you could get a headache from that.
(Sweet muffins = headaches caused by pituitary tumors) |
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|
Term
| What's the "only good method to visualize microadenomae"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Besides imaging, what's the other way to diagnose a pituitary tumor? |
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Definition
| Lab testing for individual hormone levels. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common therapeutic approch to a pituitary tumor? |
|
Definition
Scrub down and gown up.
It's surgery time. |
|
|
Term
| What therapeutic approach to pituitary tumors is rarely done alone, and usually combined with some degree of pharacologic treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common wat that the hypothalamus puts the brakes on the pituitary? |
|
Definition
Dopamine
lol. So if the hypothalamus wants the pituitary to slow down, he just dopes him up. :) |
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|
Term
| You can have a virtually destroyed pituitary gland, and it will still be releasing what hormone? |
|
Definition
Prolactin.
Prolactin is the cockroach of the pituitary hormones. |
|
|
Term
| What two hormones originate in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
| Arginine vasopressin (ADH) and Oxytocin |
|
|
Term
| Is it likely that someone would notice a prolactinoma? Under what circumstances? |
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Definition
| If the pt is a women, yes. This is because a prolactinoma will change the menstral cycle. |
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|
Term
| Approximately 60% of pituitary adenomas secrete what hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another cause of hyperprolactinemia is hypothyroidism. Why? |
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Definition
Since Hypothyroidism is the thyroid slacking off, there tends to be an increase in Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) in an attempt to raise the thyroid's activity. Turns out, TRH also causes prolactin release.
Increase in TRH = increase in prolactin = hyperprolactinemia. |
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|
Term
| Why would antidepressants or cimetidine ("Tagamet" - an H2 inhibitor) cause hyperprolactinemia? |
|
Definition
Because they interfere with dopamine activity.
Without DA working well, the hypothalamus is no longer inhibiting the pituitary so much, so the pituitary gets to secrete more of whatever it wants. And what it wants… is prolactin. |
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|
Term
| What are the clinical features of hyperprolactinemia? What's the big one? |
|
Definition
Amenorrhea,
Galactorrhea,
Loss of libido,
Visual field defects,
Headaches |
|
|
Term
(Extra)
What's the #1 thing that ODs get coming in the door? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When you suspect a pituitary adenoma, what's the first thing you should ask about? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two options we got for management (not medical therapy) of hyperprolactinemia? |
|
Definition
| Transsphenoidal adenectomy and/or radiotherapy |
|
|
Term
| What medical therapy approach is used on a pt with hyperprolactinemia in order to potentially decrease the size and hormone production of the pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common dopamine agonist, by far, used to treat a pt with hyperprolactinemia? |
|
Definition
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