Term
| What two drugs combine to make Bactrim? |
|
Definition
| Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole |
|
|
Term
| What 3 drugs most commonly cause SJS? |
|
Definition
| Bactrim, Amoxicillin and Allopurinol |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of sulfa drugs? |
|
Definition
| Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase. An enzyme used in the first step of folic acid synthesis. |
|
|
Term
| What is Pyrimethamine used for? |
|
Definition
| Treatment of toxoplasmosis, when combined with sulfadiazone. |
|
|
Term
What two drugs together form Polytrim?
What minimum age can you use this? |
|
Definition
Trimethoprim and Polymyxin B.
Minimum age: 2 months. |
|
|
Term
| What is Trimethoprim NOT effective against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Trimethoprim? |
|
Definition
| BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION! And aplastic anemia (just like chloremphenacol and oral CAIs. |
|
|
Term
| If someone is allergic to penicillin, what are they most likely also allergic to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cell wall synthesis blocker only comes in ointment form? Does it treat gram +/gram -/both? |
|
Definition
Bacitracin
Treats gram + (ie. staph bleph) |
|
|
Term
What two drugs combine to make polysporin?
What two drugs combine to make neosporin? |
|
Definition
Polysporin: Bacitracin (gram +) and Polymyxin B (gram -)
Neosporin: Polysporin and Neomycin. |
|
|
Term
| What two penicillins are on NBEO? |
|
Definition
Amoxicillin and Dicloxacillin
MOA: cell wall synthesis blockers |
|
|
Term
| Clavulonic acid is mixed with what to produce Augmentin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does dicloxacillin differ from amoxicillin? |
|
Definition
| Amoxicillin is NOT resistant to penicillinase like dicloxacillin. Dicloxacillin is better gram - coverage. |
|
|
Term
| What do we typically treat with Dicloxacillin? What can it not treat? |
|
Definition
Treat: lumps and bumps. Hordeolum, bleph, eyelid infections.
Cannot treat: MRSA |
|
|
Term
What are the two cephalosporins on NBEO?
What is their MOA? |
|
Definition
Cephalexin (1st gen, lumps and bumps) and Ceftriaxone(3rd gen, treat gonorrhea)
MOA: Transpeptidase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of choice for gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a major adverse effect of cephalospoins? (besides the risk of SJS) |
|
Definition
| Alters vit K absorption in the GI. Extreme caution in those patients taking warfarin- remember vit K = klot. |
|
|
Term
| How do fluoroquinolones work? |
|
Definition
| DNA gyrase and topoisomerase blockers |
|
|
Term
What do we typically prescribe fluoroquinolones for?
(topically) |
|
Definition
| Contact lens related ulcers, corneal abrasions, bacterial conjunctivitis. |
|
|
Term
| What age can we start to prescribe topical fluoroquinolnes? All except which one? |
|
Definition
| Age 1. All except levofloxacin. |
|
|
Term
| What is the major side effect of ORAL fluoroquinolones? |
|
Definition
| Tendinitis! Contraindicated in pregnancy and adolescents. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two aminoglycosides on NBEO? What is their MOA? |
|
Definition
Gentamicin and Tobramycin.
MOA: Bind 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
| Topical aminoglycosides are notorious for causing what SE? |
|
Definition
| SPK and delayed reepithelialization |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of the tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
| Bind to 30S subunit and prevent access of aminoacyl tRNA |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical uses of tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
| Doxy for meibomianitis and acne rosacea (think- dries all oil glands up). Doxy is also used for chlamydial infections. Minocycline for acne. |
|
|
Term
| What are some SE of tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY AND CHILDREN.
Pseudotumor cerebri, bone growth retardation, discoloring of teeth. Minocycline specifically causes blue sclera or pigmented cysts on conj. |
|
|
Term
| What three drugs cause aplastic anemia? |
|
Definition
Oral CAIs
Chloramphenicol
Trimethoprim |
|
|
Term
| What are two major SE's of topical chloramphenicol? |
|
Definition
| Aplastic anemia and optic neuritis. |
|
|
Term
What is the MOA of the macrolides?
(Erythromycin, Azithromycin and Clarithromycin) |
|
Definition
| Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50s subunit of the bacterial ribosome |
|
|
Term
What macrolide is commonly used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis and to combat bleph?
Bonus: how many oral doses of the medication to treat chlamydial infections? |
|
Definition
Azithromycin (Azasite)
Oral dose for chlamydia: single 1-gram dose |
|
|
Term
| What serotypes for trachoma and what serotypes for inclusion conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
Trachoma: A-C
Inclusion Conj: D-K |
|
|
Term
| What preservative is used in Azasite? Can you still use CLs? |
|
Definition
| BAK. Contact lens wearers are advised agains contact lens use during treatment. |
|
|
Term
| What 3 drugs are listed in KMK as treating MRSA? |
|
Definition
| Bactrim, doxycycline and clindamycin |
|
|
Term
| Which two TB drugs can be taken alone for latent TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which TB drug causes orange-pink urine or tears? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient is taking Isoniazid, what vitamin deficiency are you worried about? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major SE of Ethambutol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trifluridine (Viroptic) contains what preservative? |
|
Definition
| Thimerasol- harsh to cornea! |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of Retrovir? |
|
Definition
1. Bone marrow suppression
2. Lactic acidosis
3. Muscle breakdown |
|
|
Term
| Ribavirin is used to treat what? |
|
Definition
Hep C
(Ribavirin is always combined with Interferon) |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of Ribavirin? |
|
Definition
1. Retinal detachment
2. Ischemia (cotton wool spots)
3. Retinal hemes
4. Arterial or venous occlusions
5. Optic neuritis
6. Most common: Conjunctivitis! |
|
|
Term
Which HSV treatment comes in gel form?
What two things do we treat with this? |
|
Definition
Ganciclovir (Zirgan)
Treat: HSV keratitis and CMV retinitis |
|
|
Term
| When do we use Foscarnet (Foscavir)? |
|
Definition
When all other treatments failed. "safety net"
This is an IV treatment for CMV retinitis. |
|
|
Term
| What is Natamycin (Natacyn) used for? |
|
Definition
| Antifungal. Treatment of fungal bleph, conjunctivitis, and keratitis by: Candida, Aspergillus, Fusarium, etc. |
|
|
Term
What is Amphotericin B used for?
What is the major SE? |
|
Definition
| Broad spectrum anti fungal available in ointment, solution or IV form. Used for fungal keratitis. SE: Nephrotoxicity. |
|
|
Term
| What is Nystatin used for? |
|
Definition
| Antifungal, primarily oral and vaginal infections, not ophthalmic use. |
|
|
Term
| Which anti fungal is typically administered vis subconj injection for endophthalmitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anti fungal is used for scalp, skin and nails? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 5 medications cause whorl keratopathy? |
|
Definition
CHAI-T
1. Chloroquine
2. Hydroxychloroquine
2. Amiodarone
4. Indomethacin
5. Tamoxifen |
|
|
Term
| How does chloroquine work for parasite control? |
|
Definition
| Causes a buildup of heme, this accumulation in the red blood cells is toxic to plasmodium (malarial) parasite. |
|
|
Term
| What are some adverse effects of chloroquine? List 3. |
|
Definition
1. Bullseye maculopathy
2. whorl keratopathy
3. RPE mottling (1st sign of maculopathy) |
|
|
Term
Risks of Chloroquine retinopathy?
-What dosage?
-Treatment duration
-What age?
-Others |
|
Definition
1. Dosage>3mg/kg body weight
2. Treatment duration>5 years
3. Age>60
4. Liver disease, kidney disease and high body fat percentage |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common field defects in chloroquine? |
|
Definition
| Central and paracentral scotomas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lice and scabies treatment. NOT around eyes... no ophthalmic use. |
|
|
Term
| What part of the arachidonic acid pathway do NSAIDs block? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the arachidonic acid pathway do steroids block? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What dose of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine put a patient at a high risk of developing bulls-eye maculopathy? |
|
Definition
Chloroquine: 3mg/kg/day
Hydroxychloroquine: 6.5mg/kg/day or 400mg/day |
|
|
Term
| Hydroxychloroquine is used for what systemic conditions? |
|
Definition
| Lupus, RA, malaria (prophylaxis and treatment) |
|
|
Term
| Long term use of steroids can cause what syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Cushings (moon face, buffalo hump) |
|
|
Term
| What are the ocular effects of long-term steroid use? |
|
Definition
PSC cataracts
Glaucoma (OHTN)
Increased risk of secondary infections |
|
|
Term
| What do we typically use triamcinolone (Kenalog) for? |
|
Definition
1. Diffuse diabetic macular edema
2. Graves orbitopathy
3. Intermediate and non-resolving posterior uveitis
4. Chalazion removal
5. Cystoid macular edema post cataract surgery |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of tramcinolone (Kenalog) injections? |
|
Definition
Increased IOP
Endophthalmitis (as with any injection)
Depigmentation of the eyelid in dark-skinned individuals, after chalazion injection |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of hydrocortisone, triamcinolone and fluticasone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is fluticasone (Flonase) typically used for?
Ocular SE's? |
|
Definition
Intranasal corticosteroid spray for allergic rhinitis.
Ocular SE's: conjunctivitis, dry eye, PSC and increased IOP |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of aspirin? |
|
Definition
| Irreversible Cox-1 and Cox-2 inhibitor |
|
|
Term
What syndrome can be caused by children taking aspirin?
At what age is it appropriate to take aspirin? |
|
Definition
Reye's Syndrome. A rapidly progressive brain disease marked by encephlopathy, confusion and seizures.
Safe after 11 years old. |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common SE's of aspirin? |
|
Definition
| GI upset (gastric ulcers and bleeding) as well as bleeding complications in the eye. |
|
|
Term
| What are the reversible Cox-1 and Cox-2 NSAID's? |
|
Definition
Indomethacin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Piroxicam |
|
|
Term
| Patients with what disease are NEVER prescribed NSAID's? |
|
Definition
Heart disease. (Especially coronary artery disease or stroke)
These increase risk of bleeding and increase risk of MI/stroke |
|
|
Term
| What are the unique effects of indomethacin, not seen with other NSAID's? |
|
Definition
| Whorl keratopathy and pigmentary changes (especially around the macula) |
|
|
Term
What drug is used for prevention and treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers?
Who should never take it? |
|
Definition
Misoprostol (Cytotec)
Pregnant women should NEVER take it... main adverse effect is that it can cause miscarriages or premature labor. |
|
|
Term
| What NSAID spares the Cox-1 pathway and only inhibits Cox-2? What benefit is this? |
|
Definition
Celecoxib.
Benefit: Protects the gastric mucosa and limits bleeding effects. |
|
|
Term
| What are the ocular effects reported with Sudafed use? |
|
Definition
1. Diplopia
2. Blurred vision
3. Caution in patients with increased IOP |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 Antihistamines (H1 blockers) in the KMK book that are 1st generation? |
|
Definition
1. Diphenhyramine (Benadryl)
2. Chlorpheniramine maleate (Chlor-Trimeton)
3. Brompheniramine (Dimetane)
4. Promethazine (Phenergan) |
|
|
Term
| Why do 1st generation antihistamines cause sedation? |
|
Definition
| CNS penetration (blood brain barrier) |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of antihistamines? |
|
Definition
1. Sedation
2. Dry eyes and mouth
3. Anticholinergic effects including mydriasis
4. Tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| Promethazine (Phenergan) is used as an antihistamine, what ocular SE's does it have that are different from all other antihistamines? |
|
Definition
1. Corneal epithelial keratopathy
2. Lenticular changes
3. Pigmentary retinopathy |
|
|
Term
| What are the three 2nd generation antihistamines? |
|
Definition
1. Loratadine (Claritin)
2. Fexofenadine (Allegra)
3. Cetirizine (Zyrtec) |
|
|
Term
| What unusual SE can Cetirizine (Zyrtec) cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 H2 blockers are listed in the KMK book? |
|
Definition
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famotidine (Pepcid) |
|
|
Term
| What are H2 blockers used for? |
|
Definition
| Healing and preventing stomach ulcers and acid reflux. |
|
|
Term
What is the most common SE for H2 blockers?
What about Cimetidine (Tagament) specifically? |
|
Definition
Diarrhea.
Cimetidine causes gynecomastia and loss of libedo |
|
|
Term
| What 2 proton pump inhibitors are in the KMK book? |
|
Definition
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Esomeprazole (Nexium) |
|
|
Term
| What is the first line therapy for peptic ulcer disease and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug protects the stomach by creating a paste-like substance, for acute management of peptic ulcer disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which medication is used in a maintenance inhaler for COPD and asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medications are used in fast acting rescue inhalers? |
|
Definition
1. Albuterol (Ventolin)
2. Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
3. Terbutaline (Brethine) |
|
|
Term
| What short-acting beta 2 agonist is primarily used in the treatment of arrhythmias, not asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bronchodilator has a caution of recommending to patients with narrow angles? |
|
Definition
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
-Causes a mild dilation |
|
|
Term
| What are the two leukotriene receptor antagonists approved for asthma and bronchoconstriction? |
|
Definition
1. Zafirlukast (Accolate)
2. Montelukast (Singulair) |
|
|
Term
| Which respiratory agent works by breaking bonds in proteins of mucous to reduce viscosity? Also used for filamentary keratitis. |
|
Definition
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Topical form for filimentary keratitis (duh!) |
|
|
Term
| Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) is used for RA. What are the SE's? |
|
Definition
| Hepatoxicity, myelosuppression, Increased risk of opportunistic infections and lymphomas (including in the eye) |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)? |
|
Definition
| Inhibiting release and production of Interleukin-2, which is responsible for T-lymphocyte activation. |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of cyclosporin? |
|
Definition
Opportunistic infections
Malignancies
Hypertension
Kidney dysfunction
Most common for Restasis: ocular burning |
|
|
Term
| Azathioprine (Imuran) is used to treat what conditions? |
|
Definition
Rheumatoid arthritis
Prevention of rejection of kidney transplants
Can be used for ocular MG, but risk of secondary lymphomas outweighs benefits. |
|
|
Term
| How long are patients typically on Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) following breast cancer remission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of tamoxifen (Nolvadex)? |
|
Definition
1. Crystalline retinopathy
2. Whorl keratopathy
3. Thromboembolism (CRVO and BRVO)
4. Fatty liver
5. Hot flashes |
|
|
Term
| Can Tylenol be used during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) used for? |
|
Definition
Muscle relaxant, analgesic.
Caution in glaucoma patients! |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Tramadol (Ultram)? |
|
Definition
Agonist against Mu opiate receptor.
Not considered a true opiate. |
|
|
Term
| What SE's do we worry about in patients taking Tramadol (Ultram)? |
|
Definition
1. Dry mouth
2. Sedation
3. Dizziness
4. Nausea |
|
|
Term
What medications (2) work on Mu, Kappy and Delta receptors?
What do their pupils look like? Dilated/Constricted |
|
Definition
Meperidine (Demerol)
Oxycodone
Pinpoint pupils. |
|
|
Term
| What is the opioid antagonist is used to reverse the effects of opiates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do patients take Sumatriptan (Imitrex) for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of sumatriptan (Imitrex)? |
|
Definition
NAION
Myocardial Infarction
Ischemic stroke |
|
|
Term
| What is the only drug (that we are learning) that causes anterior stellate cataracts? |
|
Definition
Phenothiazines!
(Chlorpromazine and Thioridazine) |
|
|
Term
"Pigmentation effects"
Pigment on corneal endothelium
Hyperpigmentation of the RPE
Are both seen in what category of medication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two anti-parkinson meds? |
|
Definition
Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
Amantadine (Symmetrel) |
|
|
Term
| Besides Parkinsons use, what is bromocriptine (Parlodel) more commonly used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two drugs are used for ADHD? |
|
Definition
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) |
|
|
Term
| What can chronic, high-dose ADHD medications cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What medication is used for dementia?
What one SE are we worried about? |
|
Definition
Donepezil (Aricept)
SE: Lower IOP, so don't cut cold turkey- will lead to IOP spike |
|
|
Term
| What can an excessive dose of Demerol cause? |
|
Definition
| Increased intracranial pressure and papilledema |
|
|
Term
| Increasing levels of what in the body is the primary method for treatment of depression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should we use Fluoxetine (Prozac) with caution in glaucoma patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Fluoxetine (Prozac)? |
|
Definition
| SSRI, increases seratonin levels |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of the TCA's: Amitriptyline (Elavil) and Imipramine (Tofranil)? |
|
Definition
| Anticholinergic effects including: Dry eye, increased IOP, blurred vision and mydriasis |
|
|
Term
| What are two ocular SE's of the MAOI Phenelzine (Nardil)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What foods should be avoided while taking a MAOI? |
|
Definition
Tyramine containing foods:
Wine
Cheese
Dried meats
If combined with a MOI can cause a lethal hypertensive crisis. |
|
|
Term
| MAOI's and TCA's can exacerbate systemic effects of what topical drug? |
|
Definition
Phenylephrine and other adrenergic agonists!
AVOID phenyl. |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Diazepam (Valium)? |
|
Definition
| Binds GABA receptors and causes hyper polarization of neurons in the CNS by opening chloride channels. |
|
|
Term
| Never use alcohol when taking this drug. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Phenytoin (Dilantin) used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of Phenytoin (Dilantin)? |
|
Definition
| Nystagmus, diplopia, EOM palsies, ataxia and gingival hyperplasia. |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of the anticonvulsant Phenobarbital (Luminal)? |
|
Definition
| Sedation, respiratory depression, mydriasis, increase IOP and cycloplegia. |
|
|
Term
| Topiramate is used for seizures. What ocular SE's are we worried about? |
|
Definition
Choroidal swelling that pushes the urea forward and causes acute angle-closure glaucoma! Bilateral.
Less severe: blurred vision, diplopia and nystagmus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decreases gluconeogenesis and increases glucose uptake.
**Does NOT cause hypoglycemia, so 1st line treatment** |
|
|
Term
| Most common SE with patients taking metformin and one we worry about. |
|
Definition
Common: diarrhea
Worried about: lactic acidosis |
|
|
Term
What do the sulfonylureas do?
(Glucotrol, Diabeta, Micronase, Diabinese) |
|
Definition
| Increase secretion of insulin by beta cells, decrease glucagon release and increase sensitivity to insulin. |
|
|
Term
| Pioglitazone (Actos) is used for what? |
|
Definition
| Increase glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissues. Were introduced to combat insulin resistance (cause of type 2) |
|
|
Term
| What ocular complication do we look for with patients taking Pioglitazone (Actos)? |
|
Definition
| New or worsening macular edema. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism and requires replacement of T4? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of Levothyroxine (Synthroid)? |
|
Definition
Pseudotumor cerebri in children
Hyperthyroidism in adults (obviously!) |
|
|
Term
Adverse ocular effects of estrogens?
Major systemic effect? |
|
Definition
1. Dry eyes
2. Optic neuritis
3. Papilledema due to pseudotumor cerebri
4. Systemic: Venous blood clots! |
|
|
Term
| What 3 drugs can cause NAION? |
|
Definition
Viagra
Sumatriptan (Imitrex)
Amiodarone |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of Viagra and Levitra? |
|
Definition
NAION
Color changes (especially cyanopsia)
Blurred vision
Photosensivitiy
Flushing and headaches |
|
|
Term
| Which three medications shrink the prostate? |
|
Definition
1. Prazosin (Minipress)
2. Terazosin (Hytrin)
3. Tamsulosin (Flomax) |
|
|
Term
| What prostate shrinking med can cause floppy iris syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What anti-hypertensive meds cause a dry cough? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Losartan (Cozaar) is what class of medication? |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonist |
|
|
Term
| How do the beta-blockers Propranolol (Inderal) and Labetalol (Trandate) work? |
|
Definition
| Block release of renin from the kidney. |
|
|
Term
| MG patients should not take this type of HTN medication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do calcium channel blockers work for HTN? |
|
Definition
| Decrease in intracellular free calcium which decreases peripheral vascular resistance. |
|
|
Term
| What two calcium channel blockers more commonly have cardiac effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where on the nephron loop does the diuretic Furosemide (Lasix) work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where on the nephron does the diuretic group of Thiazides: Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorothiazide work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What SE do the Thiazides have on vision? |
|
Definition
| Acute transient myopia, acute angle-closure glaucoma. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two potassium sparing diuretics? Where do they work on the nephron? |
|
Definition
Spironolactone (Aldactone) and Triamterene (Dyrenium)
Works on the late DCT and collecting duct |
|
|
Term
| Which diuretic block aldosterones action on the tubule? |
|
Definition
| Spironolactone (Aldactone) |
|
|
Term
| Where in the nephron does Mannitol work? |
|
Definition
| Trick! The whole nephron as an osmotic diuretic. |
|
|
Term
| What type of dry eye do diuretics cause? |
|
Definition
| Aqueous deficient dry eye |
|
|
Term
| IV Mannitol is contraindicated in which patients? |
|
Definition
Pulmonary edema
Dehydration
CHF |
|
|
Term
| Clonidine (Catapres) quickly lowers BP. What are the SE's? |
|
Definition
Dry mouth
Sedation
Impotence
Severe rebound hypertension |
|
|
Term
| Digoxin (Lanoxin) is used to treat what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of Digoxin? |
|
Definition
Retrobulbar optic neuritis
Blue-Yellow color defects
Entopic phenomenon (snowy vision, dimming vision, flickering lights) |
|
|
Term
| What is amiodarone typically used for? |
|
Definition
Antiarrhythmic medication.
Specifically for supraventricual and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of Amiodarone? |
|
Definition
1. NAION
2. Whorl keratopathy
3. Anterior subcapsular lens deposits |
|
|
Term
| When should Warfarin be discontinued prior to cataract surgery? |
|
Definition
| 96-115 hours before (i.e.. 4 doses) |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the SE's of Clopidogrel (Plavix)? |
|
Definition
Increased risk of bleeding, GI upset, rash.
The medications effects on platelets are irreversible! |
|
|
Term
| Increased risk of bleeding in these three medications in particular |
|
Definition
Warfarin
Coumadin
Dipyridamole |
|
|
Term
| What medication group lowers LDLs and increases HDLs? |
|
Definition
Statins.
Lovastatin, Simvastatin and Atorvastatin |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE's of the statin medications? |
|
Definition
Hepatotoxicity, myopathy (muscle pain or inflammation)
*Contraindicated in pregnancy* |
|
|
Term
| Which medication is especially useful in lowering VLDLs and triglycerides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used in combination with a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (the statins) to lower LDL? |
|
Definition
| Cholestyramine (Questran) |
|
|
