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System Analysis and Design
APSU 4750 Chapter 1
53
Computer Science
Undergraduate 4
01/23/2012

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Term
System
Definition
A group of interrelated components that function together to archieve a desired result.
Term
Information Systems(IS)
Definition
organizations capture and manage data to produce useful information that supports an organization and its employees, customers, suppliers and partners.
Term
Transaction processing systems
Definition
Processes business transactions such as orders, time cards, payment and reservations.
Term
Management information systems
Definition
Uses the transaction data to produce information needed by managers to run the business.
Term
Decision support system
Definition
Helps various decission makers identify and choose between options or decisions.
Term
Executive information systems
Definition
tailored to the unique information neeeds of executives who plan for the buisness and assess performance against those plans.
Term
Communication and collaboration systems
Definition
enhances communication and collaboration between people, both internal and external to the organization.
Term
Office automation systems
Definition
help employees creat and share documents that support day-to-day office activities.
Term
Stakeholders
Definition
is any person who has an interest in an existing or proposed information system. Stakeholders can be technical or nontechnical workers. They may also include both internal and external workers
Term
Information workers
Definition
are those workers whose jobs involve the creation, collection, processing, distribution, and use of information.
Term
Knowledge workers
Definition
are a subset of information workers whose responsibilities are based on a specialized body of knowledge.
Term
System owners
Definition
an information system’s sponsor and executive advocate, usually responsible for funding the project of developing, operating, and maintaining the information system.
Term
System users
Definition
a “customer” who will use or is affected by an information system on a regular basis – capturing, validating, entering, responding to, storing, and exchanging data and information.
Term
Internal System Users
Definition
Clerical and service workers
Technical and professional staff
Supervisors, middle managers, and executive managers
Term
External System Users
Definition
Customers
Suppliers
Partners
Employees
Term
Remote users
Definition
users who are not physically located on the premises but who still requires access to information systems
Term
Mobile users
Definition
users whose location is constantly changing but who requires access to information systems from any location
Term
System designer
Definition
a technical specialist who translates system users’ business requirements and constraints into technical solution. She or he designs the computer databases, inputs, outputs, screens, networks, and software that will meet the system users’ requirements.
Term
System builders
Definition
a technical specialist who constructs information systems and components based on the design specifications generated by the system designers.
Term
Systems analyst
Definition
a specialist who studies the problems and needs of an organization to determine how people, data, processes, and information technology can best accomplish improvements for the business.
Term
programmer/analyst (or analyst/programmer)
Definition
includes the responsibilities of both the computer programmer and the systems analyst.
Term
business analyst
Definition
focuses on only the non-technical aspects of systems analysis and design.
Term
Problems
Definition
either real or anticipated, that require corrective action
Term
Opportunities
Definition
to improve a situation despite the absence of complaints
Term
Directives
Definition
to change a situation regardless of whether anyone has complained about the current situation
Term
External Service Provider (ESP)
Definition
a systems analyst, system designer, or system builder who sells his or her expertise and experience to other businesses to help those businesses purchase, develop, or integrate their information systems solutions; may be affiliated with a consulting or services organization.
Term
Project Manager
Definition
an experienced professional who accepts responsibility for planning, monitoring, and controlling projects with respect to schedule, budget, deliverables, customer satisfaction, technical standards, and system quality
Term
E-Commerce
Definition
the buying and selling of goods and services by using the Internet.
Term
E-Business
Definition
the use of the Internet to conduct and support day-to-day business activities.
Term
Data
Definition
raw facts about people, places, events, and things that are of importance in an organization.
Term
Information
Definition
data that has been processed or reorganized into a more meaningful form for someone.
Term
Knowledge
Definition
data and information that is further refined based on the facts, truths, beliefs, judgments, experiences, and expertise of the recipient.
Term
Business Processes
Definition
Tasks that respond to business events (e.g., an order). Business processes are the work, procedures, and rules required to complete the business tasks, independent of any information technology used to automate or support them.
Term
Continuous process improvement
Definition
The continuous monitoring of business processes to effect small but measurable improvements in cost reduction and value added.
Term
Total quality management
Definition
a comprehensive approach to facilitating quality improvements and management within a business.
Term
Business process redesign
Definition
the study, analysis, and redesign of fundamental business processes to reduce costs and/or improve value added to the business.
Term
Object technology
Definition
a software technology that defines a system in terms of objects that consolidate data and behavior (into objects).
Term
Object-oriented analysis and design
Definition
– a collection of tools and techniques for systems development that will utilize object technologies to construct a system and its software.
Term
Agile development
Definition
a system development strategy in which system developers are given the flexibility to select from a variety of tools and techniques to best accomplish the tasks at hand.
Term
Collaborate technologies
Definition
enhance interpersonal communications and teamwork.
E-mail
Instant messaging
Groupware, Work flow
Term
Systems Integration
Definition
the process of building a unified information system out of diverse components of purchases software, custom-built software, hardware, and networking.
Term
Enterprise Resource Planning
Definition
a software application that fully integrates information systems that span most or all of the basic, core business functions.
Term
Supply Chain Management
Definition
a software application that optimizes business processes for raw material procurement through finished product distribution by directly integrating the logistical information systems of organizations with those of their suppliers and distributors.
Term
Customer Relationship Management
Definition
a software application that provides customers with access to a business’s processes from initial inquiry through postsale service and support.
Term
Enterprise Application Integration
Definition
– the process and technologies used to link applications to support the flow of data and information between those applications
Term
Middleware
Definition
software (usually purchased) used to translate and route data between different applications.
Term
System development process
Definition
a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables, and automated tools that stakeholders use to develop and maintain information systems and software.
Term
System initiation
Definition
the initial planning for a project to define initial business scope, goals, schedule, and budget.
Term
System analysis
Definition
the study of a business problem domain to recommend improvements and specify the business requirements and priorities for the solution.
Term
System design
Definition
the specification or construction of a technical, computer-based solution for the business requirements identified in a system analysis
Term
System implementation
Definition
– the construction, installation, testing, and delivery of a system into production.
Term
Project management
Definition
the activity of defining, planning, directing, monitoring, and controlling a project to develop an acceptable system within the allotted time and budget.
Term
Process management
Definition
the ongoing activity that defines, improves, and coordinates the use of an organization’s chosen methodology (the “process”) and standards for all system development projects.
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