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| process by which the worlds people are becoming more interconnected economically, politically, environmentally, and culturally |
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| unearned advantage enjoyed by members of some social categories |
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| research methods that use flexible methods of data collection, holistic understanding, words rather than numbers, attempt to account for the influence of the research setting and process on findings |
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| research methods based on tenets of modern science, use quantifiable measures, standardize data, attend only to preselected variables, use statistical methods to look for patterns and associations |
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| approach that considers human behavior to be the result of interactions of integrated biological, psychological, and social systems |
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| developmental perspective |
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| approach that focuses on how human behavior changes and stays the same across stages of the life cycle |
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| in cognitive social learning theory, a situation in which a person's prior experience with environmental forces has led to low self-efficacy and efficacy expectations |
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| approach to psychology that focuses on people's strengths and virtues and promotes optimal functioning of individuals and communities |
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| social behavioral perspective |
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| sees human behavior as learned when individuals interact with their environments |
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| sees human behavior as the outcome of reciprocal interactions of persons operating within organized and integrated social systems |
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| conducts impulses away from the body of a nerve cell |
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| nerve cell that is basic working unit of nervous system (cell body, dendrites, and an axon) |
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| messenger molecules that transfer chemical and electrical messages from one neuron to another |
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| gap between axon and dendrite, where chemical and electrical communication occurs |
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| physiological manifestation of a feeling |
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| feeling state characterized by one's appraisal of a stimulus, changes in bodily sensations, and expressive gestures |
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| person's ability to process information about emotions accurately and effectively, and to regulate emotions |
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| a feeling disposition that, in contrast to emotion, is more chronic, less intense, and less tied to a specific situation |
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| eight distinct potentials (Howard Gardner) ex. linguistic, mathematical, visual, kinesthetic, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalist |
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| specific reactions and signals with survival value ex. anger, fear, sadness, joy |
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| socially acquired ex. jealousy, anxiety, guilt, love, hope |
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| major upset in psychological equilibrium as a result of some hazardous event, experienced as a threat or loss, with which the person cannot cope |
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| defense mechanisms (definition) |
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| unconscious, automatic responses to enable a person to minimize perceived threats or keep them out of awareness entirely |
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| defense mechanisms (examples) pg. 148 |
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| denial, displacement, intellectualization, introjection, isolation of affect, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, regression |
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| equilibrium; a positive, steady state of psychological, biological, or social functioning |
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| classification system developed for social work assessment. Based on four factors: social functioning problems, environmental problems, mental health problems, and physical health problems |
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| symptoms experienced by trauma survivors that include reliving the event, avoidance of stimuli related to the event, and hyperarousal |
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| faith vs. religion vs. spirituality |
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| religion is an organized system of beliefs. faith may or may not be based in religion. not everyone is religious, but all humans are spiritual, because spirituality involves the search for meaning and connection to the universe/ultimate reality |
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| devices that allow a person with a disability to communicate, see, hear, or move (wheelchairs, hearing aids, etc.) |
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| propose that consistent, uniform patterns of behavior occur in particular places, or behavior settings |
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| genetically based need of humans to affiliate with nature |
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| discourage social interaction |
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| encourage social interaction |
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| members of nondominant groups follow the norms, rules, and standards of the dominant culture in specific circumstances |
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| changing one's culture by incorporating elements of another culture, a mutual sharing of culture |
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| individuals of the nondominant group are absorbed into the dominant by adopting patterns and norms |
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| shared cognitive and emotional frames that serve as an evolving map for living; creates meaning, order and value |
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| labeling people that fall outside one's own group as abnormal or inferior |
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| system of social identity based on biological markers such as skin color that influence economic, social, and political relations |
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| discriminatory thoughts, beliefs, and actions based on the assignment of an individual or group to a racial classification |
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| family into which we are born and raised, when the two are the same |
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| social group of two or more persons, characterized by ongoing interdependence with long term commitments that stem from blood, law, or affection |
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| visual representation of the multigenerational family system, using squares, circles, and relationship lines |
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| unexpected stressful events that quickly drain family resources |
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| stressors family faces as a result of typical family life cycle transitions |
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| time when families face a transition in family life stage or in family composition |
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| two family members inappropriately involve another family member to reduce anxiety in the dyadic relationship |
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| people bound either by geography or by webs of communication, shares common ties, interacting with one another |
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| relationships are personal and traditional |
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| relationships are impersonal and contractual |
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| interaction within a community |
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| interaction with systems external to the community |
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| social movement that arises to oppose a successful social movement |
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| proactive social movement |
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| settlement house movement |
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| brought to US from England in 1800s, turned attention to environmental hazards of industrialization and focused on research, service, and social reform |
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| large-scale collective actions to make change or resist change |
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| efforts to create more just social institutions |
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