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| a reference in one work of literature to something found in antoher work of literature or an historical event or person |
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| a technique by which an author gives human or animal characteristics to inanimate objects |
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| a comparison between two unlike things using the words like or as |
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| a comparison of two unlike things without using comparison words (like or as) |
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| Stating an idea in words that are less strong than anticipated. Example: in sub zero weather, "it's a bit chilly." |
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| a method used to build suspense by providing hints of what is to come. |
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| A restatement of a text or passage in another form or other words, often to clarify meaning. |
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| The identity of the narrative voice; the person or entity through whom the reader experiences the story. May be third-person (no narrator; omniscient or limited) or first-person (narrated by a character in the story). Point-of-view is a commonly misused term; it does not refer to the author’s (or characters’) feelings, opinions, perspectives, biases, etc. |
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A struggle between opposing forces which is the driving force of a story. The outcome of any story provides a resolution of the conflict(s); this is what keeps the reader reading.
Common Conflicts:
Man vs. Man
Man vs. Himself
Man vs. Nature
Man vs. Society
Man vs. God |
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| the story's main idea or purpose. In Swiss Family Robinson one theme is "The whole earth is the Lord's, and where, as in His sight, you lead good and useful lives, there is your home." |
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| the main characters of a story |
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| the forces working against the main characters of the story |
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| things that happen in the story to heighten or complicate the conflict and make it more difficult to resolve |
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| when the conflict is solved: examples are when the antagonists are overcome by the protagonists, the antogonists can defeat the protagonists, or the conflict is no longer a problem |
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| a story element or plot development that seems unrealistic, but is necessary for the story to continue |
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