Term
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Definition
| Contains Cellular contents; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Surrounds and supports organelles; medium through which nutrients and waste move |
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Definition
| Contains genetic information; control center of the cell |
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Definition
| Chain of canals and sacs that wind through the cytoplasm; moves substances and proteins through the cell. Contains ribosomes where protein is synthesized |
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Definition
| Convert energy in nutrients to ATP (power plant of the cell) |
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Definition
| Packages protein in membrane; puts the finishing touches on protein |
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Definition
| Site of protein synthesis, are the structures that make ER rough as opposed to smooth. |
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Definition
| "Housekeeping" within the cell; digests cell waste through powerful enzymes |
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Definition
| provides intracellular shape and support |
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Definition
| Help separate the chromosomes during mitosis |
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Definition
| The process of particles moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration along a concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| Passive transport where particles move from high to low concentration, However; in this type the molecule cannot enter the cell without the assistance of a carrier protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Passive transport in which the particles do not transfer but the fluid (solvent) does |
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Term
| What is the universal solvent |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to draw or give water |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference in concentrations from one side of a selectively permeable membrane to the other |
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Term
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Definition
| Ions and molecules move against their concentration gradient, through the use of energy |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific purpose |
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Term
| What are the four types of tissue found in the body |
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Definition
| epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
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Term
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Definition
| Classified by shape, this tissue type has four functions and is found on the surface of the body and the interior of hollow organs |
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Term
| What are the four functions of epithelial cells |
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Definition
| protection (skin), absorption (small intestine lining), secretion (exocrine,endocrine), excretion (sweat) |
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Term
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Definition
| the most abundant type of tissue in the body, separated by a matrix |
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Term
| What are the seven subcategores of Connective tissue |
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Definition
| adipose, areolar, fibrous (tendons/ligaments), Cartilage (chondrocytes), Bone, Blood, Hemopoietic |
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Term
| What are the three types of muscle tissue |
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Definition
| Smooth, Cardiac, skeletal |
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Term
| What are the four basic properties of muscle tissue |
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Definition
| Excitablility (respond to a stimulus); Contractility(actively shorten in length); Conductivity(Conduct an impulse); elasticity(ability to lengthen) |
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Term
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Definition
| One of two types of nerve cells, conducting cells of nervous tissue. (dendrites, axon, cell body) |
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Definition
| Supporting structure of nervous tissue that does not conduct an impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| the shrinkage of cells; i.e. when the uterus shrinks after birth, or when arm muscles shrink in a cast |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the increase in the size of a cell, tissue, or organ. Happens in response to an increase in workload (weight lifting) |
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Term
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Definition
| the result of cellular division that occurs to increase the number of a specific type of cell, can be because of normal growth or tumors |
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Term
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Definition
| Sometimes referred to as atypical or abnormal hyperplasia, cells take on an abnormal shape, size, and organization as a result of ongoing irritation or inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| the transformation of one type of mature differentiated cell into another type of mature differentiated cell. i.e. the change that occurs in the trachea of long term smokers |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common and most studied type of cell injury |
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Term
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Definition
| The term used to refer to the relative patho genicity of an infectious agent, aka, the relative ability of the agent to damage the host. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of non-threatening bacteria found in the body, necessary for function |
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Term
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Definition
| when cells shrink because water is being sucked out of them. |
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Term
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Definition
| primary extracellular cation |
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Term
| What is the normal range for end-tidal CO2 |
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Definition
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Term
| How do viruses differ from bacteria |
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Definition
| They survive and replicate by takin over the metabolic machinery of the host cell. They hide inside the cell and do not produce endo/exo toxins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| plant or animal that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in another plant or animal, can be endo (within), ie ringworm, or ecto(outside), ie ticks |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious agent composed only of protein, ie, madcow disease.; effect structure of brain or nervous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| The preprogrammed death of a cell |
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Term
| Gram negative vs gram positive |
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Definition
| refers to whether or not a bacteria has an outer protective layer on the cell wall. Gram + has no outer membrane, Gram - has an outer membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| endo toxins are produced by gram negative bacteria, exo toxins are produced by gram positive bacteria, endoxins are considered pyrogenic because their release cause a fever |
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Term
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Definition
| small particles of viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| protein coat that surrounds a virus, may or may not have a surrounding envelope. |
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Term
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Definition
| shape of a cell that was adapted for malaria |
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Term
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Definition
| The initial phase of illness when you first feel symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| protein released in response to a virus that tells other cells to put up a barrier to the virus. |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure exerted by a fluid because of its weight |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure exerted by the concentration of a particular solute |
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Term
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Definition
| Net filtration=forces favoring filtration-forces opposing filtration |
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Term
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Definition
| when the lymphatic pathways are blocked and the fluid is returned to the interstitial space |
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Term
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Definition
| when you push on edema and measure the depth and time of pit formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| major extracellular anion |
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Term
| Normal level of sodium concentration in the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| released in response to low sodium or high potassium, increases the reabsorption of sodium through distal tubules of the nephron, while ensuring potassium is secreted. |
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Term
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Definition
| renin released in reponse to decreased blood flow, converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, AngioI converted to Angiotensin II in the lungs by ACE. AngioII causes release of aldosterone and ADH. |
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Term
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Definition
| hormones that control volume and sodium levels |
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Term
| what are the four primary electrolytes in the body |
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Definition
| magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium |
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Term
| two causes of sodium imbalances |
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Definition
| Hyponatremia: low sodium, SS: lethargy, apathy, confusion, headache, seizures. Hypernatremia: high sodium SS: irritability, tremors, stupor, delirium, seizures, coma |
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Term
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Definition
| most often caused by the failure of the body to eliminate potassium. (renal failure) SS: vague muscle weakness, tetany, fatigue, n/d. dysrhythmias, bradycardia, peaked T waves, widening QRS |
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Term
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Definition
| caused often by diuretics, |
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Term
| Normal levels for Potassium |
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Definition
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Term
| normal levels for calcium |
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Definition
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Term
| Causes for metabolic acidosis: |
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Definition
| Acids: lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure. Bases: diarrhea and vomiting |
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Term
| Causes for metabolic alkalosis: |
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Definition
| most commonly caused by excessive vomiting and long term diuretic use |
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Term
| signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis |
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Definition
| indicative of or related to whatever is causing the acidosis |
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Term
| S/S of metabolic alkalosis |
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Definition
| non specific related to electrolyte imbalance |
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory insufficiency, usually related to hypoxia |
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Term
| Respiratory alkalosis S/S |
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Definition
| paresthesia, circumoral numbness, chest tightness, dizziness, confusion, tetany |
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Term
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Definition
| the fraction of a population that contracts a disease in a given time frame |
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Term
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Definition
| the fraction of a population that currently has a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of people who have died in a given period |
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Term
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Definition
| O2 available is proportional to the amount of hemoglobin, cardiac output and the ability of the pulmonary system to load the hemoglobin with oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| when the body forms antibodies in response to an antigen |
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Term
| secondary immune response |
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Definition
| the memory of the immune system, elevated levels of antibodies |
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Term
| humoral mediated immunity |
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Definition
| a result of the differentiation of lymphocytes into b cells, which are then activated by helper t cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a resul of the differentiation of lymphocytes into T-cells |
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Term
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Definition
| little tiny protein molecules, for example pet dander, hay |
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Term
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Definition
| exudate squeezing through openings in endothelial walls |
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Term
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Definition
| an antigen that initiates an immune response, foreign enough, heavy enough (100,000) |
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Term
| what is the universal donor |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the universal recipient |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the functional unit of the humoral immune response |
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Term
| what shape is a coccus bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| what shape is a rod/baccilus bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| what shape are spirrilum bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| which immunoglobin is the most prevalent in the body is responsible for memory formation |
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Definition
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Term
| Which immunoglobin is the biggest and first to respond |
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Definition
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Term
| Which immunoglobin is responsible for the allergic response |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four stages of inflammatory response |
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Definition
| acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, granuloma formation, healing |
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Term
| Mast cells do two things, they are |
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Definition
| degranulation, synthesis of chemical mediators |
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Term
| what are the three things that stimulate degranulation |
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Definition
| physical injury, chemical agents, immunological processes |
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Term
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Definition
| the attraction of white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| when phagocytes become sticky and adhere to the cell wall |
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Term
| what is the order of the clotting cascade |
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Definition
| factor x activated by thromboplastin-prothrombin-thrombin (clotting) - fibrinogen-fibrin |
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Term
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Definition
| performs the same function as the histamine response only slower |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acids combine with electrolytes to form soap |
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Term
| what are the three types of gangrenous necrosis |
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Definition
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Term
| how does edema prevent nutrient transfer |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two alternative names for the kreb cycle |
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Definition
| tricarboxylic cycle, citric acid cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| shock that results from the destruction of red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate tissue perfusion |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of blood in the ventricles before contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| when the body contricts the capillaries, therefore stopping blood from going in or out, also called selective perfusion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when the postcapillary sphincters are still shut and the precapillary sphincters open during decompensated shock |
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Term
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
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Definition
| when the clotting factors of the body are used up from stagnant RBC's and the body bleeds in many places |
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Term
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Definition
| when the post capillary sphincters open as a result of metabolic acidosis, dumping potassium and acid into the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| a classic s/s of cardiac tamponade: JVD, hypotension, muffled heart sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| when you have lost all of your blood volume |
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Term
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Definition
| an act is so obvious it speaks for itself |
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Term
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Definition
| virus that starts in the toes and moves upward |
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Term
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Definition
| DVT, causes pain in the calf |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| scar disorder that is very painful |
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Term
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Definition
| vibrations felt when someone talks through touch |
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Term
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Definition
| outer ring of cartilage around the ear |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blanching/purpling of the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| blood rubbing against arterial walls |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| male pattern hair growth on the women folk |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperactivity of the bowel associated with gastroenteritis |
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