*Numbers vs. words

(Data are not the same thing as information)

*One reality vs. many

Changing realities:

1. the researcher's reality

2. the research participant's reality

3. the mutual reality they (researcher and research particpant) both create and share

*Subjects vs. research participants

*Researchers' values

*Commonalities of all qualitative research studies

Phases 1 & 2: Problem and Question Formulation

Phase 3: Designing the Research Study

*Selecting a qualitative Research Approach

Phase 4: Collecting the Data

Phases 5 & 6: Analyzing and Interpreting the Data

Phases 7 & 8: Presentation of Findings

Philosophical Approaches

*Perceptions of reality

*Ways of "knowing"

*Value bases

*Applications