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Survey of Human Physiology
hell
43
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
06/12/2013

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Term
Aerobic Metabolism
Definition
Requires oxygen to generate ATP. 15x more efficient than anaerobic
Term
Calcium Ions
Definition
Bind with troponin-tropomyosin ions to unblock binding sites
Term
pulmonary semilunar valve
Definition
prevents backflow into the right ventricle
Term
Coronary arteries
Definition
gives blood to the myocardium
Term
Myocardium
Definition
thick muscle layer surrounding the heart
Term
Isovolumetric Ventricular Relaxation
Definition
ventricular begins to relax, the pressure goes down. Semilunar valves are closed
Term
Recruitment in skeletal muscle
Definition
increasing the number of motor units participating in contraction
Term
2nd heart sound
Definition
Aortic and Pulmonary valves are closing.
Term
Atrial
Definition
contracts and blood flows from the atrium to the ventricle
Term
tricuspid valve
Definition
located between the right atrium and right ventricle. prevents backflow
Term
all parasympathetic targets
Definition
have muscarinic repceptors
Term
Conversion of ADP and Creatin phosphate
Definition
Quick skeletal use (fast) does not require oxygen. converts into energy
Term
blood type AB
Definition
has AB antiGENS
Term
fast glycolytic fibers
Definition
short bursts of speed and power
Term
Frank-Starling Law
Definition
Stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart
Term
Mean Arterial Pressure
Definition
Average blood pressure - average arterial pressure during a single cardiac cycle
Term
Myoglobin
Definition
reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells
Term
Skeletal muscle contraction bands
DO NOT CHANGE LENGTH
Definition
A bands
Term
Skeletal muscle contraction bands
DO CHANGE LENGTH
Definition
distance between Z lines, I bands
Term
2 main molecules used as metabolic fuel
Definition
fatty acids and glucose
Term
function of T Tubules
Definition
transmit the action potential deep into the muscle fiber
Term
function of capillaries
Definition
permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and the tissue cells
Term
muscle tone
Definition
constant, low-level state of contraction in muscles
Term
increase in heart rate
Definition
binding of norepinephrine and epinephrine to beta-a receptors
(sympathetic nervous system)
Term
Pressure of atria > pressure of vent
Definition
atrioventricular valves open
Term
Myosin head shifts from low energy to high energy
Definition
when ATP breaks down into ADP and Pi
Term
Give an example of a receptor, action, and target
Definition
nicotinic, muscle contraction, skeletal muscle
Term
Decrease in MAP
Definition
Take a vasodilator medication
Term
Myosin
Definition
ATPase, binds to the uncovered binding sites. binds to actin. ATP binds to myosin and moves it back to it's "cocked in" position. moves the muscle.
Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
neurotransmitter in both the PNS and CNS. Excitatory. Binds to ACh receptors to open gated sodium channels in the cell membrane
Term
Troponin
Definition
Regulates interactions b/w actin and myosin in the sarcomere and regulates muscle contraction. unblocks the binding sites
Term
Tropomyosin
Definition
Binds to troponin which changes its shape exposing binding sites for myosin on the actin filaments
Term
Calcium
Definition
binds to troponin and then is actively pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
L-R identify sarcomere
Definition
Z/I -- H/A --- Z/I
M
Term
Smooth Muscle
Definition
Found on blood vessels
Term
#1 Step in a Contraction Cycle
Definition
ACh is released from somatic motor neuron; binds to nicotinic receptors on motor end plate
Term
#2 Step in a Contraction Cycle
Definition
Action Potential is generated and is propagated along sarcolemma into T-tubules
Term
#3 Step in a Contraction Cycle
Definition
Calcium is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to troponin
Term
#4 Step in a Contraction Cycle
Definition
Myosin crossbridges form and perform power stoke
Term
#5 Step in a Contraction Cycle
Definition
Calcium is actively reabsorbed into sarcoplasmic reticulum and fiber relaxes
Term
possible neurotransmitters
Definition
norepi/epi, ACh
Term
possible receptors
Definition
nicotinic, muscarinic, alpha-1, beta-1, beta-2
Term
contractile cell
Definition
smooth muscle cells of the heart that contract
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