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buon fresco is a fresco painting technique in which watercolors are applied to plaster when it is still wet
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| An altarpiece is a picture or relief representing a religious subject and suspended in a frame behind the altar of a church. |
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| A vanishing point is a point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines not parallel to the image plane appear to converge. |
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| A continuous narrative shows sequential scenes in one setting, like a comic strip. |
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The House of Medici was a political dynasty, banking family and later royal house who first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Medici in the Republic of Florence during the late 14th century.
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| Chiaroscuro in art is contrast between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. It is also more technically used by artists and art historians for the use of effects representing contrasts of light, not necessarily strong, to achieve a sense of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects such as the human body. |
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| Contrapposto is an Italian term used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. This gives the figure a more dynamic, or alternatively relaxed appearance. |
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| Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. |
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| A cartoon (from the Italian "cartone" and Dutch word "karton", meaning strong, heavy paper or pasteboard) is a full-size drawing made on sturdy paper as a study or modello for a painting, stained glass or tapestry. Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted on damp plaster over a series of days (giornate) |
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| Linear perspective works by representing the light that passes from a scene through an imaginary rectangle (the painting), to the viewer's eye. It is similar to a viewer looking through a window and painting what is seen directly onto the windowpane. |
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| Foreshortening refers to the visual effect or optical illusion that an object or distance appears shorter than it actually is because it is angled toward the viewer. |
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| Linseed oil is a common carrier used in oil paint. It can also be used as a painting medium, making oil paints more fluid, transparent and glossy. |
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| Pope Julius II (c. 5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513), nicknamed "The Terrible Pope" (Il Papa Terribile)[1] and "The Warrior Pope" (Il Papa Guerriero),[2] was born Giuliano della Rovere. He was Pope from 1503 to 1513. His reign was marked by an aggressive foreign policy, ambitious building projects, andpatronage for the arts. |
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The Italian word sfumato (pp. of fumare, 'to smoke') captures the idea precisely. The finished product appears as though a veil of smoke had drifted between the subject of the painting and the viewer and had added some brightness to the pure darks and had blocked some of the pure brights of the subject.
(Mona Lisa)
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| Giornata is an art term, originating from an Italian word which means "a day's work." The term is used in Buon fresco mural painting and describes how much painting can be done in a single day of painting. |
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| Atmospheric perspective refers to the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as it is viewed from a distance. As the distance between an object and a viewer increases, the contrast between the object and its background decreases, and the contrast of any markings or details within the object also decreases. |
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| A relief print is an image created by a printmaking process, such aswoodcut, where the areas of the matrix (plate or block) that are to show printed black (typically) are on the original surface; the parts of the matrix that are to be blank (white) having been cut away, or otherwise removed. |
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11-31 Giotto di Bondone, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel. Fresco, Padua, Italy, 1305.
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12-5 Jan van Eyck, Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini(?) and His Wife, Giovanna
Cemani, oil on panel, 1434.
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12-13 Brunelleschi, Dome of Florence Cathedral, Florence, Italy, c.1417-36.
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12-20 Donatello, David, bronze, c.1420-60.
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12-25 Massacio, Tribute Money, fresco, c.1427.
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12-28 Botticelli, Birth of Venus, tempera on canvas, 1484-86.
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13-2 Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper, Milan, Italy, tempera and oil on plaster, 1495-8.
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13-3 Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa, oil on panel, c.1503-1506.
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13-5 Raphael, School of Athens, Vatican, Rome, fresco, c.1510-11.
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13-8 Michelangelo, David, marble, 1501-4.
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13-10 Michelangelo, Sistine Ceiling, fresco, 1508-12.
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13-11 Michelangelo, Last Judgment, Sistine Chapel, fresco, 1536-41.
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13-17 Titian, Venus of Urbino, oil on canvas, c.1538.
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13-20 Palladio, Villa Rotonda, Vicenza, Italy, c.1550.
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13-31 Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, oil on panel, c.1510-1515.
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13-33 Durer, Adam and Eve, engraving, 1504.
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