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| -central piece of an arch. |
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| -Individual pieces of an arch |
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-Arches in a series
extremely strong |
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| -Lime, Sand, Water, Pozzolana (volcanic ash) |
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| -Volcanic ash, when mixed into concrete made mixture much lighter AND stronger |
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| -Created large, open spaces |
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| -Series of arches in a line |
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-Part of arcuated family
rotated arch creates a half sphere |
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| -a form of masonry in which the stones have their edges cut back to a careful plane surface, but with the central portion of the stone face either left rough or projecting markedly |
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| -no space between walls and columns |
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| -Square decorative tiles (usually in ceiling) |
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| -hole or "eye of temple" which took weight off dome |
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| -Vault that goes around in a circle (semicircle) and is constructed with groin vaults |
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-Roman forts. Basis for Medeival castles.
square with four gates. Barracks in center |
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| Frigidarium/Caldarium/Tepidarium |
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-principle bath space.
All barrel vaulted to create large space without columns |
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| -raised floor with surface below. Heat room with tiles which heat water from below. |
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| -full merging of Corinthian and Ionic columns. Became standard order used for Romans. |
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-rounded half circle sides
ex) at Trajan's forum |
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| -ornament atop (a usually conical) form |
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| -"high prestige" vs. "low prestige" masonry |
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| -Hitching Post of the Sun in Machu Pichu |
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-earthen mound built to house Buddhist relics. Not for burial.
-Basis of Buddhist architecture |
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| -walking around or through a space. A planned out procession space |
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| -individual vertical supports in a railing. balustrade= in a series |
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| -(Buddhist) 2 piers, three horizontal lintels (symbolic of three levels toward enlightenment) |
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-dormitories for monks
(buddhist) |
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-base which elevated the temples. Hindu architecture always raised on a plinth
(Hindu) |
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-basically the "stupa" of Hindu architecture wich appears to be pushed through ceiling
(Hindu) |
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- a monumental tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of any temple
(Hindu) |
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Definition
-arrangement like the fifth side of a dice.
Series of sikharas in this arrangement
(Hindu) |
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Maison Caree
Nimes, France
(19 BCE)
-pseudoperipteral
-temple doors closed most of the time, more sculptures to experience on the outside. |
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Definition
Trajan's Column
Rome
(114 CE) |
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Definition
Pantheon
Rome
(118-128 CE)
-highly engineered construction.
-dome with oculus in the middle to tke weight off the dome |
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Definition
Pantheon
Rome
(118-128 CE) |
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Colloseum
Rome
(72-80 CE)
-1st level doric/tuscan
-2nd Ionic
-3rd Corinthian (stacked in order of complexity) |
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Definition
-Baths of Caracalla
Rome, Italy
(212-216)
-Roman-
Largest bath house.
all arcuated forms
-Use of composite order columns (becomes standard columns for Romans) |
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Definition
Trajan's Forum
Rome, Italy
(98-112)
-Roman-
-4 story marketplace
-Use of excedra
-basillica, library, marketplace all in one complex |
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Definition
Palace of Diocletian
Spalato (Split, Croatia)
(300)
-Roman-
-Merges trabeation and arcuation
-standard trabeated features inside
-arched entablature, shows natural progression from trabeation to arcuation |
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Definition
Nazcan Lines
Peru
400 B.C.E.-800 C.E. |
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Definition
Machu Picchu
Peru
(c. 1438-71) |
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Pyramid of the Moon
Teotihuacán, Mexico
(200 C.E.) |
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Definition
Pyramid of the Sun
Teotihuacán, Mexico
(150 C.E.) |
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Definition
Temple I (Temple of the Jaguar)
Tikal, Guatemala
(250-870) |
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Definition
Governor's Palace,
Uxmal (Mexico) |
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Definition
Chichén-Itza
El Castillo, Chichén-Itza (Mexico)
(900-1521 CE) |
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Definition
Great Stupa
Sanchi, India
(3rd-1st century B.C.E)
(Buddhist)
-staircase leads to landing which leads all the way around
-clockwise ambilatory for religious purposees |
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Ajanta
India
(2nd-1st century B.C.E.)
(Buddhist)
Chaityas and viajaras cut into hillside yet still follows buddhist forms |
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Definition
Kailasantha Temple
Ellora, India
(750-950 C.E.)
(Hindu Architecture)
Entire building excavated downward, yet still highly ornamented
"exteriorized buildings" where everything on inside is simple |
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Definition
Great Stupa
Borobudur, Indonesia
(c. 800)
(Hindu)
Very complex ambilatory
building itself as symbol of buddhism-layers move from depicting everyday life at bottom to enlightenment |
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Definition
Angkor Vat (Wat)
Cambodia
(c. 800-1400)
(Hindu)
Largest Hindu complex
Hundreds of temples
uses series of sikharas (quincux) |
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Definition
Great Wall
China
(221-210 B.C.E.)
faced and rebuilt during the 15th and 16th centuries
largest building project ever undertaken
to protect China from Mongolians and the North |
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Definition
Tombs
Qin Shihung-ti, China
(260-210 B.C.E.)
Burial Mound
Surrounded by clay soldiers/workers
showed exactly how people dressed and types of carts they used |
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Definition
Dougong
(cantilever bracket system) |
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Altar and Temple of Heaven,
Beijing,
(begun 1420 CE)
prayer ritual for crops
3 parts= open ar altar, round structure for emperor to rest, temple of heaven
Usage of blue color tiles- very rare and shows importance |
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Definition
Gate of Heavenly Peace
Beijing,
(1406-1470 CE) |
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Hall of Supreme Harmony
Beijing
(1406-1420 CE) |
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Ise Shrine
5th century CE
Shinto religious site.
reconstructed every 20 years
mortise and tenon construction
no ornament |
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Definition
Hōryū-ji Temple
Nara
(607 CE)
Uses dougong system with one wooden member in center to support everything
Sparse aesthetic
unpainted
set on plinth |
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Definition
Tōdai-ji Temple
Nara
(c. 730 CE)
largest free standing entirely wooden building |
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Katsura Palace
Kyoto
(c. 1620 CE)
sits starkly in landscape
picturesque
simple geometry
framed views of nature |
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