Term
| 25bis rue Franklin (apartment building) |
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Definition
Paris, France
Auguste & Gustave Perret
1903 |
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London
Margaret Street?
William Butterfield
1859 |
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| Allegheny County Courthouse and Jail |
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Definition
Pittsburg
HH Richardson
1886-1888 |
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Term
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Definition
Berlin, Germany
Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1824-1833 |
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| Auditorium building Chicago |
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Definition
Chicago, IL
Adler and Sullican
1886-1890 |
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Definition
| John Wood the Younger, 1767-1770s. |
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Definition
1754-58,
John Wood and John Wood the Younger |
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Term
| Biblioteque St. genevieve |
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Definition
Paris, France
Henri Labrouste
1845-51 |
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Term
| Bombay-Baroda & Central Railway Administrative Offices |
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Definition
Mumbai (Bombay), India
Frederick W Stevens
1893-1899 |
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Definition
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Definition
Chicago, IL
Burnham & Bennet
1906-1909 |
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| Concept: Compare the Paris Opera and the Chicago Auditorium as buildings devoted to high culture |
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Definition
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Term
| Concept: Compare the transformations of Paris and Chicago in the second half of the 19th century. Where do you see similarities and differences of objective and approach? |
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Definition
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| Concept: Different preferences for middle-class residential building types in European and American cities |
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Definition
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Term
| Concept: How do cities accommodate residents at the bottom of the income scale? |
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Definition
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| Concept: In what ways and to what to degree do the urban designs examined in the above cities (Bath, France, St. Petersburg, Washington DC, NYC) provide settings for sociability, commerce, and representation of authority? |
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Definition
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| Concept: Note on stylistic labels for American architecture. Our course moves too rapidly for us to linger over the periodization of 19th-century American architecture, but it is useful to be aware of some of the more common labels, such as Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, and Italianate. Buildings inspired by H. H. Richardson's work -- characteristic details include pronounced round arches (often at entrances or over major windows) and rock-faced stonework -- are often known as Richardsonian Romanesque. At this point in your studies, it is most important to react to the overall character of buildings. Does a building try to present a "pure style" or does it present an eclectic mix of sources? Is it about classical beauty or picturesque variety? For more information about this terminology, see the following: |
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Definition
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Term
| Concept: Political, religious, aesthetic (picturesque), and moral dimensions of the Gothic Revival |
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Definition
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Term
| Concept: Positions on Gothic Architecture taken by A. W. N. Pugin, John Ruskin, and Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Concept: Strategies taken by British designers for architecture in colonial India: the imposition of architecture from "home," efforts to forge a synthesis of European and select Indian traditions |
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Definition
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| Concept: The term picturesque as applied to landscape design. Why does the term apply to Stourhead and New York's Central Park? |
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Definition
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| Concept: What are the design implictions of the terms: beautiful, picturesque, the sublime |
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Definition
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Term
| Concept:Influence of the picturesque in the planning of urban parks and suburbs (also cemeteries) |
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Definition
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Term
| Concept:The range of transformation in 19th-century Paris under the direction of Napoleon III and his prefect Baron Haussmann |
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Definition
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Term
| Court Gardener's House at Charlottenhof |
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Definition
Potsdam, Germany
Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1829-1840 |
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Term
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Definition
London, UK
Joseph Paxton and others
Fabrication led by Charles Fox
1851 |
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Term
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Definition
Type of column or pilaster composed of stacked elements that can include figural or other forms of architectural sculpture (plants, ums, entablatures, column bases, capitas)
-Highly developed in Mexico and other regions of Latin America in the 18th Century
-has roots in Spain |
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Definition
London, UK
train shed designed by Charles Fox, terminal building designed by Philip Hardwick,
1837 |
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Definition
Wilitshire, UK
James Wyatt
1795-1813 |
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Definition
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Definition
St. Petersburg, Russia
Carolo Rossi, 1819-1829. |
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Definition
Calcutta, Raj Bhavan
Charles Wyatt
1799-1802 |
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Term
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Definition
London
Charles Barry & A. W. N. Pugin 1836-1860 |
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Term
| John Soane House and Museum |
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Definition
London, England
John Soane
1809-1820s |
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Definition
Darby, UK
Robert Adam and others
1760 |
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Definition
Giddings, TX
J Riely Gordon
1899 |
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Term
| Marshal Field's Warehouse |
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Definition
Chicago
H H Richardson
1885-1887 |
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Term
Mission San Antonio de Valero
(The Alamo) |
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Definition
San Antonio, TX
unknown
1720s |
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Term
| Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo |
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Definition
San Antonio, TX
church built 1768-1777 |
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Definition
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Definition
New Delhi, India
Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker
1912-1913 |
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Term
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Definition
Etienne-Louis Boullee
1784 |
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Term
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Definition
Le Raincy, France
Auguste & Gustave Perret
1922 |
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Definition
St. Petersburg, Russia
Carolo Rossi, 1819-1829. |
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Definition
Paris, France
Charles Garnier
1861-1875 |
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Term
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Definition
Paris, France
Jacques- Germain Soufflot
1755+ |
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Term
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Definition
Paris, France
Jean Charles Alphand
ca. 1860 |
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Term
| Pilgrimage Church, Germany |
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Definition
Vierzehnheiligen, Germany
Balthasar Newumann
1743+ |
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Term
| Place Louis XV (Place Stanislas) |
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Definition
Emmanuel Héré de Corny, dedicated 1755
Nancy, France |
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Term
| Point: Many architects and clients regarded H. H. Richardson's buildings as a step towards an architecture that was distinctly American. Yet we can see that he looked to history for inspiration, specifically Romanesque architecture (12th century). What is it about his buildings that allow us to put such medieval associations in the background? |
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Definition
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| Point: Spanish colonial expansion using missions, presidios, and pueblos (civilian towns) |
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Definition
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| Point: The Houses of Parliament in London and the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. are icons of the UK and the US, respectively. What you say about their cultural references in terms of the ambitions of their creators? |
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| Point: The meaning and interpretation of colonial and post-colonial architecture in San Antonio. What questions should historians raise when confronted by something like the remodeling of San Fernando church in the 1870s? |
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Definition
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Definition
| concrete slabs held together by a gridwork of rebar (thick, metal wires) which add strength to the concrete |
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Definition
Riverside, IL
Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux
1869 |
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Term
| Royal Pavilion in Brighton |
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Definition
Brighton, UK
John Nash
1818-1829 |
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Term
| San Fernando Parish Church |
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Definition
San Antonio, TX
parish church built in 1740s
-transformed into gothic revival in 1870s |
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Term
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Definition
Nottingham, UK
A. W. N. Pugin
1841-1844 |
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Term
| St. John's Church, Calcutta |
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Definition
Calcutta, India
James Agg
1788 |
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Term
| St. Pancras Station London |
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Definition
London, UK
train shed designed by William Henry Barlow, terminal building and hotel designed by George Gilbert Scott
1865 |
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Term
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Definition
-with the invention of the bessemer process, steel became very inexpensive
-highly ductile |
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Term
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Definition
Twickenham, London region
Horace Walpole
1749-1776 |
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Term
| The City Beautiful Movement |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Washington DC, USA
Willliam Thorton
1792
Enlargement by T U Walter 1850-1863 |
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Term
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Definition
Oak Park, IL
Frank Lloyd Wright
1905 |
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Term
| University Convocation Hall Mumbai |
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Definition
Mumbai (bombay), India
G G Scott
1869-1874 |
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Term
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Definition
Oxford, UK
Deane & Woodward
1855-60 |
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Term
| Viceroy's House (Rashtrapati Bhavan-Presidential Palace) |
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Definition
New Delhi, India
Edwin Lutyens
1911-1931 |
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Term
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Definition
Richmond, Virginia
Thomas Jefferson
1785 |
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Term
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Definition
Pierre-Charles L'Enfant
1791 |
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Term
| World's Columbian Exposition Chicago |
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Definition
Chicago, IL
Daniel Burnham chief planner
1893 |
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Term
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Definition
-low carbon content compared to steel
-very ductile |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
Chicago
Burnham & Root
1888-1891 |
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Term
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Definition
Chicago
Willia Le Baron Jenney
1890-1891 |
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Term
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Definition
St. Louis Missouri
Adler & Sullivan
1890 |
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Term
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Definition
Chicago
Charles Atwood for Daniel Burnham
1894 |
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Term
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Definition
St. Lous Missouri
James Eads (engineer)
1867-1874 |
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Term
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Definition
New York
Grand Central Terminal
Reed & Stem and Warren & Wetmore (architects)
1903-1913 |
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Term
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Definition
Pullman, Ill
Nathan Franklin Barrett (Landscape Architect)
1880 |
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Term
| Essay 1. Compare the urban transformations taking place in Paris the late eighteenth century, as described by Mark Girouard, to the transformations of the same city in the 1860s. What were the critical physical transformations, who sponsored them, and what were the goals of these changes to Paris? |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 2. Eighteenth-century theories divided aesthetic pleasure into the Beautiful, the Picturesque, and the Sublime. Define each of these systems and explain the differences between them. Provide examples to support your explanation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 3. The designers of the Cenotaph for Newton and the gardens at Stourhead were both very concerned with the effects that their designs would have on their viewers. What impacts were the designers aiming for, how did they achieve them in their designs, and in what ways did they believe the designs would transform the thinking of those who experienced them? |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 3. The designers of the Cenotaph for Newton and the gardens at Stourhead were both very concerned with the effects that their designs would have on their viewers. What impacts were the designers aiming for, how did they achieve them in their designs, and in what ways did they believe the designs would transform the thinking of those who experienced them? |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 4. The church designed by Balthasar Neumann at Vierzehnheiligen and the Panthéon (church of Ste. Geneviève) in Paris designed by Jacques-Germain Soufflot are near contemporaries and are similar as both were intended as shrines dedicated to local saints and employ the classical language of the architectural orders. Yet one would never be confused for the other. Please compare and contrast their principal architectural features. |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 5. Architects and clients in the nineteenth century were fascinated with questions of national identity and its representation in architecture, especially in the design of public buildings. Why? How did historicism serve these interests? |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 6. Renaissance theory regarded Gothic architecture as aesthetically inferior to the classicism of the ancient Greeks and Romans. In the nineteenth century architects and clients found new inspiration in medieval buildings but not always for the same reasons. Discuss some of the different motivations for the revival of Gothic architecture. |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 7. Explain the role of style and its relationship to the representation of empire in British colonial architecture in India from the late eighteenth century through the early twentieth century. |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. When the Spanish came to Texas in the 18th century they utilized architecture to attempt to control the native population and force them to adopt Spanish culture. In what ways did the Spaniards use manipulation of the landscape, architecture, and urban planning to achieve their objectives? |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 9. Do you think John Ruskin and Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc would have responded favorably to the buildings of H. H. Richardson? Take a position and support it with reference to Richardson’s work. |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 10. The close relationship between industry and architecture in the nineteenth century can be analyzed not only through the development of iron construction (pavilions, commercial buildings, bridges, and skyscrapers), but also through the impact of urban and inter-city railroad systems. Discuss ways railroads were instrumental in the development of new building types and innovations in building technology. You may consider, for example, aspects related to the supply of materials, building techniques, urban design, and tourism. |
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Definition
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| Essay 11. Among the striking developments in Western society in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries are the creation of new building types and the transformation of older types to serve the cultural and commercial interests of an affluent middle class. Please discuss this phenomenon with reference to specific buildings. |
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Definition
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| Essay 12. Briefly characterize and describe Frederick Law Olmsted’s plan for Riverside, Illinois, the City Beautiful Movement, and the Garden City Movement founded by Ebenezer Howard. Explain how they were shaped by the Industrial Revolution and the problems of the industrial city. What values do they embody? |
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Definition
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| Essay 13. We have studied the theories of John Ruskin, Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-Le-Duc, Louis Sullivan, and Frank Lloyd Wright. In each of the articles we have read, the theme of nature plays a primary role in their theories of architecture. Choosing three of the authors, please compare and/or contrast the ways in which they view how nature could, or should be used as a basis for the generation of architectural form. |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 14. Considering the articles by Thomas Leslie and Reyner Banham and buildings related to them that we have examined in class, how do issues of natural lighting and thermal comfort influence the formal and functional developments in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century architecture? |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 15. Discuss the early importance of the skyscraper, or tall office building, in the American city. What technologies had to be integrated to make skyscrapers possible? The same technologies were in use in New York and Chicago at the turn of the twentieth century and it was not unusual for architects, such as Daniel Burnham, to work in both cities. Why, then, did New York and Chicago skyscrapers look different at the time? Discuss aspects such as their respective urban patterns, skyline, and characteristics of the soil. Provide examples to support your answer. |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 16. The Hill House by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, the Gamble House by the Greene brothers, and the Robie House by Frank Lloyd Wright are three examples of high-end residences designed according to the principles of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Please note the principles they share. Then, discuss ways they differ and offer explanations for these differences. You may consider their cultural contexts, their environmental contexts, the attitudes of their architects towards the handling of materials and interior finishes. |
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| Essay 17. In the mid-19th and early-twentieth centuries, Meiji Japan engaged in a complex exchange of architectural ideas and building practices with Western Europe and the United States. Please describe this exchange with reference to specific practices and buildings. |
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