Term
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Definition
| Terra Amata, France- c. 400,000 BCE |
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Term
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Definition
-Lascaux cave, France. c.10,000 BCE
-spirituality not habitation
-"gallery space"
- Architecture is meant to say something about who we are. |
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Term
| Tensile Frame vs. Compression Frame |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Skara Brae, Scotland
-2000 BCE
-heavy insulated walls (cyclopean masonry)
-possible whale bone usage because no wood
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Term
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Definition
-Carnac, France
-2000 BCE
-rows of menhirs (purpose unclear)
-planned out ORDER= ARCHITECTURE |
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Term
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Definition
-New Grange, Ireland
-2500 BCE
-one of largest structures of Neolithic era
-surrounded by ditch
-spiral carvings
use of CORBELLING: slowly narrowing span
-1st space not relying on megalithic construction |
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Term
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Definition
-Stonehenge, England 2750-1500 BCE
-built in four phases
-birth of tectonics and monumental architecture
-use of lintels+piers= trilithon
-mortise and tenon construction
-trabeated construction= all about piers+lintels |
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Term
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Definition
Ishtar Gate
-Babylon, Iraq (575 BCE)
Commisioned by Nebuchadnessar
fire-baked tiles with glaze |
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Term
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Definition
Jericho
Israel, Palestine (7500)
-Layered
-centered around natural spring
-stone tower with internal passageways |
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Term
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Definition
Khirokitia
Cypruss
(5500)
-One stone masonry "street"
raised
-widening of street at point= plaza
-city developed linearly along pathway |
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Term
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Definition
Çatalhöyük, Turkey
6000 BCE
-largest neolithic city
-no street system: roof occupation
-painted interior walls and carving orientation |
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Term
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Definition
Ziggurat of Ur Nammu
Ur, Iraq (2113-2096)
-symbolized mountains
-ceremonial procession "climbing" |
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Term
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Definition
Giza, Egypt
Khufu, Khafra, Menkaura
(2570-2500) |
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Term
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Definition
-flat roofed rectangle with sloping sides
-tomb chamber underneath |
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Term
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Definition
| -row of columns with entablature |
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Term
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Definition
| -Short wall that projects at a right angle from main wall |
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Term
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Definition
| -Upper zone of wall pierced with windows to let in light. |
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Term
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Definition
| -grooves (channels) that ornament the shafts of columns |
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Term
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Definition
| -Egyptian capstone, symbolizes lotus flower |
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Term
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Definition
Mortuary Complex of Zoser
Zoser, Saquarra (2680)
Architect: Imohotep |
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Term
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Definition
Great Sphinx
Giza, Egypt
-Largest monolithic sculpture
-One piece of stone |
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Amon, Karnak
(1525-1350)
-tri part division
Public= front
priest= center
tomb= back
^form for all New Age Architecture |
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Term
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Definition
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
Deir el Bahri (1500)
-elaborate passage way to actual tomb
-axial
-trabeation/repetition of elements |
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Term
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Definition
Mortuary Temple of Menuhotep
Deir el Bahri (2050)
-First great building since pyramids
-framed with columns
-peristyle court
-merges old form (pyramids) and new trabeated forms |
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Ramses II
Abu Simbel
-display power through architecture
-axial
-excavated into cliff
-same three part division
-elements of trabeation inside |
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Term
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Definition
-Lion's Gate
Mycenae, Greece 1250 |
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Term
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Definition
| -wooden frame where in between are is filled with bricks or stone |
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Term
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Definition
-Rammed earth walls
-wooden frame removed afterwards |
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Term
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Definition
-Troy (Hisarlik), Turkey
(3000-1300 BCE)
-Troy VI Homeric Troy
-8 layers
-rubble masonry
-consisted of megarons, the basis of the Greek temple |
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Term
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Definition
-Palace of Minos- Knossos, Crete
(1600 BCE)
-Most important city of Bronze age
-self-contained city/ building complex
-planned out spaces
-terraced courtyard and magazines
-frescos |
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Term
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Definition
-Treasury of Atreus (tomb of Agaememnon)
-tomb in hillside
-round beehive chamber
-dromos= passageway
-ASHLAR MASONRY
-large interior space w/o using columns |
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Term
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Definition
-Temple of Artemis- Ephesos, Turkey
-(560-550)
IONIC |
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Term
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Definition
-Temple of Apollo- Delphi, Greece
(3rd-4th century)
-1st view of temple is from corner
-faces east
-theater for civic/religious purposes
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Term
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Definition
-Persepolis, Iran
-(518-460 BCE)
-everything set on platform
bas reliefs |
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Term
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Definition
-Persepolis, Iran
-Palace of Darius/ Hypostyle Hall of Xerxes
-(518-460 BCE)
-thinner columns meant you could see diagonally through the space (differed from Egyptian)
- persians borrowed a a lot from egyptian architectural |
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Term
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Definition
-Theater, Epidaurus
(300 BCE)
-uncovered open-air ampitheater
-cavea: seating portion
-orchestra: place for chorus
-cut into hillside and followed natural topography |
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Term
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Definition
-Propylaia- Akropolis, Athens Greece
(437-432)
-Mneskiles
-gate into akropolis
-Architect as: designer, contractor, sculptor, worker |
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Term
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Definition
-Temple of Athena Nike
-Akroplois Athens
-Kallikrates
-ionic
-tetrastyle and amphiprostyle
-architrave and frieze |
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Term
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Definition
-Parthenon- Akropolis, Athens
(447-432)
-Iktinos and Kallikrates
-largest Doric temple
-memorial sculptures on stairs of temple
-actually garishly painted (reds and blues) |
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Term
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Definition
-Erechterion- Akropolis, Athens
-(421-405)
-Kallikrates
-entrance through portico
-ionic porch
-female figures hold up columns |
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Term
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Definition
-Temple of Apollo- Bassae, Greece
(late 5th century)
-Iktinos
-doric
-entry in North (not the typical East)
-frieze runs along inside of car
-First example of corinthian columns
-acanthus: leaves on corinthian column |
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Term
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Definition
-Monument of Lysicrates, Athens
-(335)
-award monument for actor Lysicrates
-always replicated |
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Term
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Definition
-Altar of Zeus- Pergamon, Turkey
(197-159)
-open-air free standing altar
-repeated columns/stairs= hellenistic style
-huge frieze running around base
-more open-air sculpture than a building |
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Term
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Definition
| -prehistoric arrangement of huge stones |
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Term
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Definition
| -prehistoric tomb. trabeated construction then buried under earthen mound |
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Term
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Definition
| -roofed stone corridor (multiple dolmen in succession) then buried under earth |
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Term
| piers, lintels, trabeation |
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Definition
-'pi' shaped monument
-trabeation= constructionusing piers and lintels |
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Term
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Definition
| -monument in the form of a single upright stone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -earthen mound 9often covering a tomb) |
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Term
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Definition
| -construction method where stones are slowly set more inward until each side connects into an arch. instead of capping with single stone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -rudimentary building form with large, unformed stones |
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Term
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Definition
| - more precise than cyclopean. stones are cut and then stacked upon each other |
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Term
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Definition
| -building with small stones patched together with grout/plaster/or mud to hold in place |
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Term
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Definition
-most basic form of architecture
-single unit formed by two piers and a lintel |
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Term
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Definition
| -mud mixed with straw or sticks and then piled up to form structure |
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Term
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Definition
-sun baked mud bricks mixed with a binder (straw or sticks)
-often covered with plaster for extra protection |
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Term
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Definition
-rammed earth construction
-built using molds |
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Term
| half- timber construction |
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Definition
| - frame filled with mud, brick, stones etc. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -temple in the form of a stepped tower wich symbolizes climbing a mountain |
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Term
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Definition
| -using a grid pattern for planning where lines either intersect at right angles or are parallel to eachother |
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Term
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Definition
| -flutes= ridges carved in sides of column |
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Term
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Definition
| -chamber inside a mastaba which contains a statue of the deceased |
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Term
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Definition
-grid of columns
-Egyptian
-often disorienting |
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Term
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Definition
| -open space surrounded on at least two sides with columns (collonades) |
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Term
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Definition
| -In Egyptian architecture, use of axis symbolized connection with Nile |
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Term
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Definition
-monumental pair of sloping masses which mark an entrance
-Egyptian |
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Term
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Definition
| -four-sided shaft with capstone |
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Term
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Definition
| -art form in which the figures are slightly raised from background |
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Term
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Definition
-principle hall of a Mycenaen, Cretan, or Anatolian palace/house
-rectangular plan with hearth in center and surrounded by columns
-Basis of Greek temple |
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Term
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Definition
-architecture that creates a constant, shifting movement
-think Palace of Minos, Knossos |
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Term
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Definition
| -circular, subterranean chamber |
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Term
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Definition
| -main floor of a large building/palace |
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Term
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Definition
| -usage of multiple colors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-corbelled chamber 9shaped like beehive!)
-think: Treasury of Atreus |
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Term
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Definition
-underground passageway
-think Treasury of Atreus |
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Term
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Definition
-wall mural painted on WET plaster
-locks pigment in place and creates more lasting color |
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Term
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Definition
-breezeway with columns on one side
-think open-air market space |
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Term
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Definition
-Porch=ANY covered entry
-portico= with at least two columns |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -tiered, semi-circular seating of an ampitheater |
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Term
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Definition
| -place where chorus stood in amphitheater (best acoustics) |
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Term
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Definition
| -actual stage portion of amphitheater |
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Term
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Definition
| -"changing room" area of amphitheater |
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Term
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Definition
| -"gatehouse" entry of amphitheater |
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Term
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Definition
-slight convexity given to columns to make appear completely straight.
-lozenge shape |
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Term
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Definition
-female figures as columns
-think: Erechterion, Akropolis, Athens |
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Term
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Definition
| -place where assembly met |
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Term
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Definition
| -picture made with small pieces |
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Term
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Definition
| -Enclosed place where sacred temple stood? |
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Term
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Definition
| -Central structure of temple |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -Columns on just front/back |
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Term
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Definition
| -columns surrounding (all sides) |
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Term
Distyle
tetra-
hexa-
octa-
enna-
deca- |
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Definition
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Term
| -formula for # of columns on sides |
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Definition
| -# of side columns= # in front times 2 plus 1 |
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Term
Acroterium
(pl. achroteria) |
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Definition
-Statues on corners of temple
DORIC |
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Term
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Definition
-Sloped top portion (gable?)
DORIC |
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Term
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Definition
| -architrave frieze and cornice |
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Term
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Definition
-Peripteral=surrounded by single row of columns
-dipteral= surrounded by two rows of columns |
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Term
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Definition
-Doric= without base
-Ionic= with base |
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Term
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Definition
| -Open portion before cella (naos) |
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Term
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Definition
| -Flat level which everything sits on |
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Term
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Definition
| -stairs leading to stylobate |
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Term
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Definition
| -the recessed, usually triangular space enclosed between the horizontal and sloping cornices of a pediment, often decorated with sculpture |
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Term
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Definition
| -the uppermost member of a classical entablature |
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Term
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Definition
-Everything between columns and eaves of a temple
-(freize, cornice, and architrave) |
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Term
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Definition
| -decorative band at top or beneath cornice |
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Term
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Definition
| -lowest part of the entablature |
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Term
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Definition
| -slab that forms top of column |
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Term
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Definition
| -circular slab which supports the abacus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Spiral ornament of the capital
IONIC |
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Term
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Definition
| the underside of an architectural feature, as a beam, arch, ceiling,vault, or cornice. |
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Term
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Definition
-Series of small, rectangular blocks placed in cornice
-think: dentils=teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| -Collonade parallel, but apart from cella |
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Term
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Definition
| -small room in the cella of a classical temple |
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Term
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Definition
| -sharp ridge of Doric columns |
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Term
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Definition
- new style that emerges in the Temple of Apollo in Bassae, Greece
-Dont know why.
everything IONIC except acanthus leaves capital |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -sculptured representation of a young man |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -single element that is easily produced/repeated |
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