Term
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Definition
| Amount of Surgical Site Infections are caused each year. |
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Term
| 3 Terms Surgical Techs need To Differentiate |
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Definition
| Disinfection, Antisepsis, and Sterilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Things like vaccines and proactively consuming vitamins, minerals, proteins and fats |
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Term
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Definition
| Require oxygen to survive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that grow best in environment without oxygen, but can survive in an atmosphere that contains up to 15% oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| a single-celled animal that catches food and moves about by extending fingerlike projections of protoplasm. Can be parasitic or live in a damp environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Do not require oxygen to survive. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process by which most (but not all) microorganisms located on animate surfaces, such as skin, are destroyed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Absence of pathogenic microorganisms or disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| A steam sterilizer that is typically used for healthcare applications to kill harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores on items that are placed inside |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance that destroys/kills bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of microbes or amount of organic debris on an object at any given time; gross contamination on surgical instruments or supplies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Living organisms that are used as a potential to monitor the changes in environmental health and their possible impact on human civilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to determine proper air removal from their pre-vacuum autoclave chamber and to ensure their autoclave meets the appropriate conditions for sterilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vaginal yeast infection, Trench mouth, Immunocompromised patients prone to serious infections of the brain meninges and heart valves. Patients intubated or who have indwelling venous catheter or other type long-term indwelling catheter should be monitored for infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that grow best in high concentrations of carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| The formation of vapor bubbles within a liquid at low-pressure regions that occur in places where the liquid has been accelerated to high velocities, |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of binding materials, such as iron and magnesium, in the solution. This prevents their deposit on the surface of surgical instruments which causes spotting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Verifies exposure to sterilizing conditions that is incorporated into the lid or construction of a rigid instrument container. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uninfected operative wounds without inflammation; respiratory alimentary, genital or uninfected urinary tracts are not entered. |
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Term
| Clean/contaminated Procedure |
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Definition
| Operative wounds in the respiratory, alimentary, genital or uninfected urinary tracts are electively entered; without unusual contamination. |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of a microorganism on/in a host, with growth and multiplication of the organism, but without interaction between host and organism |
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Term
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Definition
| One organism will receive benefits, but the second neither benefits nor is harmed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Open, fresh, accidental wounds, operations with major breaks in sterile technique or gross spillage from the gastrointestinal tract, and incisions in which acute, non-purulent inflammation is encountered. |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of pathogenic materials; violation of the state of sterility. |
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Term
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) |
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Definition
| Early symptoms mimic Alzheimer's disease and include depression and poor memory. Later stage symptoms are dementia and progressive loss of physical functions. (Human version of mad cow disease) |
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Term
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Definition
| The Contamination of a person, object, or environment by contact with contaminants from another source. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of disinfection where the microbial population is reduced on a surface or item to a sub-pathogenic level. |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtained by observing changes in electroencephalogram results and magnetic resonance imaging changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Old traumatic wounds with retained devitalized tissue or those that involve existing clinical infection or perforated viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical agent that kills most microbes, but usually not spores; usually used on inanimate objects due to potential for toxicity in living tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which most, but not all, the microorganisms located on inanimate surfaces are destroyed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
| Endogenous Sources of SSI |
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Definition
| The patients own Microflora that make their way where they shouldn't be. |
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Term
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Definition
| Worm that is the cause of amebic dysentery, an infection often found in patients who are scheduled to undergo a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of Chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. examples include: protozoa, fungi, algae, plant and animal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| When unicellular they are yeasts. When multicellular they are molds and mushrooms |
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Term
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Definition
| Sterility determined by how a package is handled and stored rather than time elapsed; a package is considered sterile until opened or the integrity of packaging material is violated. |
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Term
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Definition
| These include Perioperative personnel, the environment, and contaminated instrumentation. Skin, nails and nares contain bacteria which may be discharges in particle form into the air and fall in. |
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Term
| Factors that increase the Risk of SSI's: Duration of procedure |
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Definition
| Longer anesthetic and operative times have an accompanying increase in time for bacterial contamination to occur, increased tissue damage, and greater immunosuppression. Surgical Team members become more fatigued, which leads to breaks in sterile technique. |
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Term
| Factors that increase the risk of SSI's |
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Definition
| Age (Geriatric and pediatric patients have lower immunological defenses), Obesity (Diminished blood flow, larger wound sizes, and the difficulty of handling adipose tissue make patients more susceptible to infection) |
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Term
| Factors that increase the risk of SSI's PT 2 |
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Definition
| General Health (Patients in poor health or who have an inadequate nutritional intake generally have a predisposition to infection), Carriers of Staphylococcus Aureus or MRSA (These patients are at greater risk of infection from their own endogenous flora) |
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Term
| Factors that increase the risk of SSI's: Preexisting Illness and related treatment |
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Definition
| Infection rates are higher in patients with compromised immune systems from preexisting (comorbid) illness; patients who have been treated with certain medications. Also Preoperative hair removal can lead to SSI's. |
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Term
| Factors that increase the risk of SSI's: Preoperative Hospitalization |
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Definition
| Infection rates increase in relation to the duration of the preoperative stay. Patients are exposed to higher numbers of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria within the hospital. |
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Term
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Definition
| These are cells able to survive in an environment that contains oxygen or no oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inanimate objects that may contain infectious microorganisms including walls, floors, cabinets, furniture and equipment. A Spacious and clean OR helps provide a lower level of microbes in the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Healthcare Associated Infection; previously called nosocomial. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tapeworms, flukes and roundworms. These exist in contaminated water and food. They find their way in through the skin, animal bites, by mouth and up the anus. (What a terrible day to be literate) |
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Term
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Definition
| Unicellular and multicellular Protozoan (proto- earliest form, zo- animal) |
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Term
| Immediate-use Steam Sterilization |
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Definition
| Procedure where items are placed in an open tray or covered rigid container that is specially designed to allow rapid steam penetration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sterilization where the liquid must contact all surface areas of the item, including lumens. Use a syringe if there are any air pockets. |
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Term
| Indigenous Microflora- Resident |
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Definition
| Microbial populations that normally reside in/on body tissues or body systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiplication of organisms in tissues of a host. Also known as the invasion of the human body or tissue by pathogenic microorganisms that reproduce causing disease. |
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Term
| Intraoperative Case Management |
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Definition
| Use disposable equipment and instruments as much as possible. Try to avoid use of powered instruments to avoid plume. Sterile attire should include double gloves, face shields, and knee-high impervious shoe covers. Clean blood and body fluid spills with Sodium Hydroxide (household bleach). Change gowns, gloves, suction tips and ESU tips. Place tissue specimens into a container, then place in a biohazard bag and labeled "CJD precautions". Per surgeon's order, clean the patient's head with molar sodium hydroxide at the end of the procedure. |
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Term
| Is Spore Sterilization difficult? |
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Definition
| Very difficult and very time consuming |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Term that describes the cavity within the tubular structure. It usually refers to the space inside digestive, respiratory, and urogenital organs or vessels of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| These require oxygen but at lower levels than that found in room air (about 5% oxygen). |
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Term
| Most common Fungal Infections |
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Definition
| Candida Albicans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, pneumocystis jiroveci |
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Term
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Definition
| Both organisms benefit and depend on one another to a certain extent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Natural Lines of Defense: Body structure Design |
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Definition
| Protective skin and mucous membranes |
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Term
| Natural Lines of Defense: Circulatory and chemical responses |
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Definition
| The innate immune system and inflammatory response. |
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Term
| Natural Lines of Defense: Immunity |
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Definition
| Active or passive, innate(natural) or adaptive (acquired): the antibody reaction of the body following exposure to antigens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection acquired during the process of receiving healthcare that was not present during the time of admission |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein coat that encases the nucleic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| These require levels of oxygen found in a typical room. |
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Term
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Definition
| These will not grow if there is any amount of oxygen present in the environment. |
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Term
| Obligate Intracellular Parasites |
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Definition
| Unable to reproduce without a host. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Folded shape called the Beta sheet. This causes prion replication in the nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The intact barrier wrapping or containment of a sterile package; absence of punctures, tears, broken seals, or fluid strike-through. |
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Term
| Parasitic finding instruments must be: |
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Definition
| Decontaminated thoroughly before used on the next patient. |
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Term
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Definition
| One organism will receive benefits, and the host is harmed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of invertebrates that cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Mother to baby transfer, breastmilk/Placentia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any microbe capable of causing disease or infection. |
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Term
| People most at Risk for disease |
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Definition
| HIV/AIDs patients because the organisms have more opportunity with the defenses being down. |
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Term
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Definition
| The state, condition, or property of a material (such as a biological membrane) to allow the passage of molecules through it. |
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Term
| Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) |
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Definition
| A protein similar to a prion. The normal noninfectious shape is that of a spiral known as Alpha-Helical form. |
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Term
| Possibility of prion transmission human to human |
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Definition
| It's not direct, but rather occurs through the use of contaminated surgical instruments or following tissue transplantation from an infected individual. |
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Term
| Postoperative Case Management: Body Fluids |
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Definition
| Collect, label, and bag in biohazard bags labeled "Possible CJD"; keep separate from other waste bags and notify environmental services personnel to immediately collect and incinerate the bags |
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Term
| Postoperative Case Management: Disposable Supplies |
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Definition
| Place surgical attire, drapes, sponges, suction tips in biohazard bags labeled "Possible CJD" and keep them separate from other red bags; notify environmental services personnel to immediately collect and incinerate the bags. |
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Term
| Postoperative Case Management: Reusable instruments |
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Definition
| Place in impervious container, place in biohazard bags, label as "possible CJD" and handle according to hospital policy, which may include disposal. |
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Term
| Postoperative Case Management: Sharps |
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Definition
| Place in separate pointy objects container labeled "possible CJD"; notify environmental services personnel to immediately collect and incinerate the container |
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Term
| Preoperative Prep. for Patient with Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies |
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Definition
| Notify all units that will be involved. Remove all unnecessary equipment and supplies from the OR as possible. Move everything else as far away from the OR table as possible. Cover all surfaces in the OR with impervious sheets. Cover electrical cords with plastic sleeves. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Proteinaceous Infectious Particle" are nonliving protein strands that don't contain DNA or RNA |
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Term
| Prion transmission High Risk tissues |
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Definition
| Eye tissue, dura mater, brain tissue, and spinal cord. |
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Term
| Prions and the death of Neurons |
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Definition
| Holes open up in the brain tissue, which aids in the release of prions to invade and infect other healthy neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. These include bacteria and cyanobacteria. DNA is stored in the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| Consisting of, containing, or discharging pus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Infections at other body sites increase the chance of SSI. Circulating bacteria in the bloodstream enter and infect the surgical site. |
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Term
| Rhinocerebral Zygomycosis |
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Definition
| Fungus that causes extensive damage to the bone and tissues of the face, including the loss of one or both eyes. If this organism enters the bloodstream and destroys the cranial bones, the brain tissue will also eventually be invaded. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proper hand Hygiene, Use of appropriate PPE, Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, Safe injection procedures, Safe handling of potentially contaminated items and surfaces in patient care areas |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection, usually serious and systemic; accompanied by fever, results from the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Protein capsule that protects bacteria against unfavorable conditions. When conditions are suitable the bacteria returns to its vegetative state and is able to grow and reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| Method of bacterial survival |
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Term
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Definition
| This Gram positive bacterium is commonly in the flora of the skin, hair, and nares of the nose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Technique of creating and maintaining a protected sterile field and remaining vigilant to prevent contamination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Destruction of ALL microorganisms including spores, on inanimate surfaces |
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Term
| Strike-through Contamination |
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Definition
| Contamination of a sterile field or package that occurs from the passage of fluid through a microbial barrier. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanically Cleaned and chemically disinfected but not sterile; in surgical scrub procedure, the removal of transient microbes and reductions of indigenous skin microflora to an irreducible level. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tapeworm from pork that can migrate out of the intestinal tract and travel to muscles, brain tissue, and the eyes. |
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Term
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Definition
| To render items safe to handle by high-level disinfection. |
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Term
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Definition
| To render items safe to handle by proper sterilization methods; however, unwrapped so not appropriate for use within the sterile field. |
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Term
| The WHO's Infection Control Guidelines for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies |
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Definition
| Recommends single-use, disposable instruments and destruction of all reusable instruments. These guidelines are not well established as the same everywhere. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microbes that have been deposited onto the skin surface and are easily removed with routine hand washing. |
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Term
| Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy |
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Definition
| Spread of a group of diseases in animals and humans |
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Term
| Transmission mode Examples: Airborne Spread |
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Definition
| Infection spread through the air by sneeze droplets. |
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Term
| Transmission mode Examples: Contact |
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Definition
| Light handle drops into open wound; Hypodermic needle stick injury from two-handed recapping. |
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Term
| Transmission mode Examples: Droplet |
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Definition
| Infection spread through the air by droplets spread by sneezing, coughing or talking. |
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Term
| Transmission mode Examples: Indirect |
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Definition
| Bioburden on gloves contaminates equipment that is handled by non-gloved person who rubs eye. |
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Term
| Transmission-Based Precautions |
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Definition
| Separate guideline for infection control and prevention of cross-contamination of patients when the disease process has been diagnosed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indigenous microflora of the vagina and urethra- STI hysteroscopies or cystoscopies |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by Mycobacterium TB and transmitted through airborne droplet nuclei, usually infects the lungs but may also infect the kidneys, bone, joints or skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Instrument that removes small organic particles and soil from areas that manual or mechanical cleaning cannot reach. |
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Term
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Definition
| Living carrier that transmits disease; may show no signs of disease itself. |
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Term
| Viral replication is directed by: |
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Definition
| The viral nucleic acid within the host cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-living particles that are completely reliant on the host cell for suvival |
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Term
| Virus Transmission: Bites |
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Definition
| Virus introduction through infected arthropod vectors |
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Term
| Virus Transmission: Exchange of Body Fluids |
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Definition
| HIV is transmitted through blood, semen, and breastmilk. |
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Term
| Virus Transmission: Ingestion |
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Definition
| When one takes in a virus through contaminated food or beverage |
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Term
| Virus Transmission: Regular |
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Definition
| Inhalation of respiratory droplets |
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Term
| What do we use to provide a Two Way Barrier? |
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Definition
| Gowns, hair covers, and drapes that cover the skin on areas other than the hands. The purpose of which is for more safety for the staff and patient. |
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Term
| What is the most commonly transmitted pathogen in the OR? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Body tissues and organs to the point that they require surgery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells have a thick peptidoglycan layer and stain blue to purple |
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Term
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Definition
| With a thin peptidoglycan layer appear pink to red when stained |
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Term
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Definition
| Long thin structure attached to the outside of the cell whose use is to whip around to provide motility to the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Fine, short hair-like extensions located on the surface of the cell that use coordinated, rhythmic movement to allow the cell to move. |
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Term
| Decontamination: Air exchange Rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Decontamination: Temperature |
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Definition
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Term
| Decontamination: Humidity |
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Definition
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