Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Surgical Radiography
Radiologic Positioning Exam on Surgical/PED radiography
63
Health Care
Undergraduate 3
11/17/2010

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What does proper surgical attire include?
Definition
Scrubs, scrub cover, head cover, shoe covers, certain shoes, masks, and nonsterile gloves.
Term
What type of scrubs must the OR technologist change into? And what is the appropriate way to wear them?
Definition

OR technologist must change into approved surgical scrubs. They should be made of a low-linting material that minimizes bacterial shedding.

Two peice scrubs should fit properly with the top tucked into the waist. Pant legs of bottom must not drag the floor. Scrubs must be changed following the procedure and before the wearer reenters the surgical suite if soiled with blood, perspiration, or food.

Term
What are scrub covers and what are they designed for?
Definition

They are button-up or snapped covers worn between procedures. They are designed to prevent soiling or cross contamination of the scrubs while the tech is outside the surgical suite.

They must be removed before reentering the surgical suite.

Term
When must a head cover be worn? Which types are preferred?
Definition

Worn before entry into a surgical area.

The bouffant and hood types are preferred b/c they cover the head the best.

They must be disgarded immediatley after use and changed for each procedure.

Term
Why are shoe covers worn? When must they be changed? And where should they be worn?
Definition

They are worn to keep the shoes, clean and decrease the quantity of soil and bacteria tracked into the surgical suite.

They must be changed if they become soiled and torn.

They should be worn in the surgery suite and presurgical and recovery areas.

Term
What types of shoes must NOT be worn? And what types of shoes should be worn?
Definition

No soft cloth shoes should be worn.

A durable shoe with plenty of support and a closed toe and heel should be worn.

Term
Why must a surgical mask be worn?
Definition
To reduce the dispersal of microbial droplets from the tech during surgery; also it will reduce the risk that pathogenic organisms present in the surgical suite may be inhaled by the tech.
Term
When must nonsterile gloves be worn?
Definition
When handling contaminated IRs or soiled IR covers, and also when cleaning equipment after procedures.
Term
Although most surgical equipment remains in the surgical area, what must be done?
Definition
They must be cleaned and checked frequently.
Term
What must be done to the equipment before the surgical procedure? and why?
Definition
Tech is required to check and make sure the equipment is operational b/c there is no time to troubleshoot or fix problems once the procedure has begun.
Term
When should the portable C-arm equipment be cleaned?
Definition
Before and after it is used in the surgical area. Use a liquid type cleaner instead of an aerosol.
Term
What is important for the tech to do for all personnel during mobile imaging?
Definition
  • Provide adequate number of lead aprons for all personnel.
  • Wear thyroid shield.
  • Secure aprons tightly to prevent them from touching sterile field or personnel (clip them).
  • Clean aprons weekly or as needed with a liquid cleaner.
  • Intermittently check aprons for cracks  in the lead lining, you are able to fluoro the apron and see the cracks.
Term
How do you use intermittent fluoroscopy?
Definition
  • Use single exposure capacity to greatly reduce fluoroscopy time.
  • Use "image hold" feature to allow the last image to remain on the monitor.
  • Also watch the surgeon and if he/she is looking away, DO NOT FLUORO!!

 

Term
What does the "boost" feature do on a C-arm?
Definition
  • It provides an improved and brighter image for patient with a larger body habitus, or thick anatomy.
  • It also increases radiation, which also increases exposure to the patient and surrounding surgical team by a factor of three to four times.
  • USE BOOST FEATURE ONLY WHEN YOU ABSOLUTELY HAVE TO!
Term
To coordinate the exposure with the surgical team, a tech must do what before initiating an exposure and why?
Definition
The tech must clearly announce "x-ray" or "x-ray on" before initiating an exposure to allow nonessential staff to leave  the area or get behind lead shields.
Term
Techs who frequently perform C-arm procedures should closely monitor what?
Definition
Their personal dosimetry report.
Term
What does each department have, in regards to radiation protection, and what do they do?
Definition
Each dept. has a radiation saftey officer that techs can discuss strategies to reduce dose levels if their levels where high.
Term
What is an operative/immediate cholangiogram used to see?
Definition
To see the anatomy of the biliary ductal system, drainage into the duodenum, and any residual stones in the biliary ducts.
Term
What is a reason why a surgeon would what to do this procedure?
Definition
The patient may have a history of gallstones and the surgeon may be concerned about residual stones remaining undetected in one of the biliary ducts.
Term
What does the surgeon place into the biliary ducts?
Definition
A small catheter and injects iodinated contrast media into the ducts.
Term
How much iodinated contrast media is injected into the biliary ducts?
Definition
6-8 ml
Term
What is iodinated contrast media considered?
Definition
radiopaque
Term
When doing a cholangiogram, where is the C-arm centered?
Definition
It's centered over the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
Term
What is retrograde urography?
Definition
It's a nonfunctional exam of the urinary system during which contrast medium is introduced directly retrograde into the pelvicalyceal system via catheterization by a urologist during a minor surgical procedure.
Term
What does retrograde mean?
Definition
means backward, against the flow.
Term
What does nonfunctional mean?
Definition
Nothing in the patient's body is required to be working to inject the contrast medium retrograde. Nothing of the normal physiological processes are involved.
Term
What's a pylogram, referring to last picture?
Definition

It's on the right side with the catheter in place.

It's a urologic procedure where the physician injects contrast into the ureter in order to visualize the ureter and kidney. The flow of contrast (up from the bladder to the kidney) is opposite the usual flow of urine, hence the retrograde name.

Term
What is a ureterogram, referring to the picture?
Definition

On the left side, where the catheter has been withdrawn.

 X-ray photograph of the ureters after injection of a radiopaque substance

Term
Why are orthopedic procedures performed?
Definition
To reestablish the length, shape, and alignment of fractured bones and joints or to restore function and range of motion of joints affected by trauma or disease.
Term
What is closed reduction?
Definition
Fracture fragments are realigned by manipulation and are immobilized by a cast or splint. It's a nonsurgical procedure. The fracture site is not cut open during procedure.
Term

What is open reduction?

 

Definition

It's for severe fractures with significant displacement or fragmentation, a surgical procedure is required.  The fracture site is exposed, and a variety  of screws, plates, or rods are inserted as needed to maintain alignment of the bony fragments until new bone growth can take place.

 

 

Term
What is the surgical procedure called that requires open surgery and insertion of screws, rods, and plates?
Definition
Open Reduction with Internal Fixation (ORIF)
Term
What's external fixation?
Definition
The use of an external fracture-stabilizing device permits bone healing without the immediate requirement for internal fixation procedures.
Term
What are some indications for external fixiation?
Definition
Severe open fractures, comminuted closed fractures, arthrodesis, infected joints, and major alignment and length deficits.
Term
What are intramedullary fixation?
Definition
These are rods and nails that are inserted within the shaft of long bones to stabilize fractures.
Term

 

 

 

[image]

 

What position is the C-arm in? What is the plastic seperator? And what does this plastic seperator mean?

Definition

The C-arm is in the PA projection position with the intensifier on bottom and the tube on top.

The plastic is called a shower curtain and these normally represent a hip or intramedullary rod insertion.

Term

[image]

 

What is this a picture of? And what position is it in?

Definition
A hip pinning and it's in the AP position.
Term

[image]

 

What is this a picture of and what position is it in?

Definition
It's a picture of a hip pinning and the leg is in the lateral position.
Term
What is usually not required for total hip replacement surgery?
Definition
Usually C-arm fluoroscopy or mobile radiography  is not required.
Term
Where are postoperative images taken of a total hip replacement and with what machine?
Definition
Usually taken in the recovery room with the mobile radiography unit.
Term
What is total hip replacement called?
Definition
Arthroplasty
Term
What does arthroplasty mean exactly?
Definition
A prosthetic hip may be required to return normal function to the patient.
Term
What are intermedullary nails or rods used for?
Definition
For the femoral, tibial, and humerus shaft fractures.
Term
What is the name for a surgical procedure of the spine?
Definition
Laminectomy
Term
What is a Laminectomy exactly?
Definition
It's a surgical procedure that is performed to alleviate pain caused by neural impingement.
Term
What is a Laminectomy surgery designed to do?
Definition
To remove a small portion of the bone or herniated disk material impinging on the nerve root.
Term
What is vertebroplasty? And what does it involve?
Definition

It's an OR procedure that provides stability and pain relief to patients with vertebral compression fractures.

The procedure involves the introduction of orthopedic (acrylic) cement directly into the affected vertebrae.

Term
What is kyphoplasty? and what does this involve, the difference between kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty?
Definition

It's a more recent modification of the vertebroplasty procedure in which a balloon is first inserted into the collapsed vertebrae. The balloon is then inflated, which expands and restores the collapsed portion of the vertebrae, after which acrylic  cement is injected to stabilize the vertebrae.

The difference is the balloon.

Term

[image]

What is this a picture of?

Definition
A Harrington rood in place.
Term
How is a pacemaker inserted and what does it do?
Definition
An insulated wire called a lead is inserted into an incision above the collarbone and is guided through a large vein into the chambers of the heart. These electrodes stimulate the heart muscle, causing it to beat at a predetermined rate. This is called pacing of the heart.
Term
How is the electrode inserted for a pacemaker and where does it end up?
Definition
Under fluoroscopic guidance, the electrode is advanced into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve, and into the right ventricle. The tip of the electrode is advanced until it reaches the right ventricular apex.
Term
What is arthroplasty?
Definition
Creation of an artificial joint to correct ankylosis.
Term
Asepsis
Definition
A state of sterility; condition in which living pathogens are absent.
Term
Cholecystectomy
Definition
Surgical removal of gallbladder.
Term
Closed reduction
Definition
Procedure in which bone fragments are reduced manually without surgical intervention.
Term
Open reduction
Definition
Reduction of fracture fragments through surgical intervention.
Term
ORIF
Definition
Open Reduction with Internal Fixation
Term
Retrograde Urography
Definition
A nonfunctional exam of the urinary system during which contrst medium is introduced directly retrograde into the pelvicalyceal system via catheterization by a urologist during a minor surgical procedure.
Term
What's a Shower Curtain and when is usually used?
Definition
An isolation drape that separates the sterile field from the nonsterile environment; often used to premit the use of C-arm fluroscopy during hip pinning.
Term
THR/THA
Definition
Total hip replacement/total hip appliance
Term
TKR/TKA
Definition
Total knee replacement/total knee appliance.
Term
Traction
Definition
The process of putting a limb, bone, or group of muscles under tension with the use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize the part.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!