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Surgery
Recall Ch. 1-3
113
Health Care
Graduate
05/06/2012

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
ABCD of melanoma
Definition
Asymmetric
Border Irregularities
Color Variation
Diameter > 0.6cm and Dark color
Term
Allen's Test
Definition
test for patency of radial and ulnar arteries prior to ABG
Term
Ballance's Sign
Definition
constant dullness to percussion in the left flank/LUQ and resonance to percssion in the right flank.
Seen with splenic rupture/hematoma
Term
Barrett's esophagus
Definition
columnar metaplasia of the distal esophagus
Term
Battle's Sign
Definition
ecchymosis over the mastoid process in patients with basilar skull fractures
Term
Beck's Triad
Definition
Triad seen in pt's with Cardiac Tamponade
1. JVD
2. Decreased or muffled heart tones
3. Decreased blood pressure
Term
Bergman's Triad
Definition
seen with fat emboli syndrome
1. mental status change
2. petechiae (often in axilla/thorax)
3. dyspnea
Term
Blumer's shelf
Definition
Metastatic disease to the rectouterine (pouch of Douglas) or rectovesical pouch creating a "shelf" that is palpable on rectal examination
Term
Boas' Sign
Definition
Right subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis
Term
Borchardt's triad
Definition
seen with gastric volvulus
1. emesis followed by retching
2. epigastric distention
3. failure to pass an NGT
Term
Carcinoid triad
Definition
seen with carcinoid syndrome (think FDR)
1. Flushing
2. Diarrhea
3. Right sided heart failure
Term
Charcot's Triad
Definition
seen with cholangitis
1. Fever (chills)
2. Jaundice
3. Rght upper quadrant pain
Term
Chvostek's sign
Definition
twitching of facial muscles upon tapping the facial nerve in pts with hypocalcemia
Term
Courvoisier's Law
Definition
Enlarged nontender gallbladder seen with obstruction of the common bile duct, most commonly with pancreatic cancer.
Term
Cullen's Sign
Definition
bluish discoloration of the periumbilical area due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage tracking around to the anterior abdominal wall through facial planes
seen with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Term
Cushing's Triad
Definition
Signs of increased intracranial pressure
1. HTN
2. Bradycardia
3. Irregular respirations
Term
Dance's sign
Definition
Empy right lower quadrant in childen with ileocecal intussusception
Term
Fothergill's sign
Definition
used to differentiate an intra-abdominal mass from one in the abdominal wall; if mass is felt where there is tension on the musculature, then it is in the wall
Term
Fox's sign
Definition
ecchymosis of the inguinal ligament seen with retroperitoneal bleeding
Term
Goodsall's Rule
Definition
anal fistulae course in a straight path anteriorly and curved path posteriorly from midline
(think of a dog with a straigth anterior nose and curved posterior tail)
Term
Grey Turner's Sign
Definition
ecchymosis or discoloration of the flank in pts with retroperitoneal hemorrhage as a result of dissecting blood from the retroperitoneum
Term
Hamman's Sign/crunch
Definition
crunching sound on auscultation of the heart resulting from emphysematous mediastinum; seen with Boerhave's syndrome, pneumomediastinum, etc
Term
Homan's sign
Definition
claf pain on forced dorsiflexion of the foot in patients with DVT
Term
Howship-Romberg sign
Definition
Pain along the inner aspect of the thigh
seen wiith an obturator hernia as the result of nerve compression
Term
Kehr's sign
Definition
severe left shoulder pain in pts with splenic rupture
resullt of referred pain from diaphragmatic irritation
Term
Kelly's sign
Definition
visible peristalsis of the ureter in response to squeezing or retraction
used to identify the ureter during surgery
Term
Krunkerberg tumor
Definition
metastatic tumor of the ovary (classically from gastric cancer)
Term
Laplace's Law
Definition
wall tension = perssure x radius
thus the colon perforates preferentially at the cecum because of the increased radius and resultant increased wall tension
Term
McBurney's Point
Definition
One third the distance from the anterior iliac spine to the umbilicus on a line connecting the two
Term
McBurney's Sign
Definition
tenderness at McBurney's point in pt with appendicitis
Term
Meckel's Diverticulum Rule of 2's
Definition
2% of the population have one
2% of those are symptomatic and they occur within approx. 2 ft of the ileocecal valve
Term
Mittelschmerz
Definition
lower quadrant pain due to ovulation
Term
Murphy's Sign
Definition
cessation of inspiration while palpating under the right costal margin
Pt cannot continue to inspire deeply because it brings an inflamed gallbladder under pressure.
Seen in acute cholecystitis
Term
Obturator Sign
Definition
Pain upon internal rotation of the left with the hip and knee flexed.
seen in pts with appendicitis/pelvic abscess
Term
pheochromocytoma symptoms triad
Definition
First three letters in the word
Palpitations
Headache
Episodic Diaphoresis
Term
Pheochromocytoma Rule of 10's
Definition
10% bilateral
10% malignant
10% in children
10% extra abdominal
10% have multiple tumors
Term
Psoas Sign
Definition
pain illicited by extending the hip with the knee in full extension
seen with appendicits and psoas inflammation
Term
Raccoon Eyes
Definition
bilateral black eyes as a result of basilar skull fracture
Term
Reynold's Pentad
Definition
1. Fever
2. Jaundice
3. Right upper quadrant pain
(Charcot's triad)
4. mental status change
5. shock/sepsis
Seen in pts with suppurative cholangitis
Term
Rovsing's Sign
Definition
Palpation of the LLQ resulting in pain in the RLQ
seen in appendicitis
Term
Saint's Triad
Definition
1. cholelithiasis
2. hiatal hernia
3. diverticular disease
Term
Silk Glove Sign
Definition
indirect hernia sac in the pediatric patient.
Sac feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger
Term
Sister Mary Joseph's Sign
Definition
metastatic tumor to umbilical lymph nodes
Term
Virchow's Node
Definition
metastatic tumor to left supraclavicular node (classically due to gastric cancer)
Term
Trousseau's Sign
Definition
Carpal Spasm after occlusion of blood to the forearm with BP cuff
seen in hypocalcemia
Term
Valentino's Sign
Definition
RLQ pain from a perforated peptic ulcer due to succus/pus draining into the RLQ
Term
Westermark's Sign
Definition
Decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR in a pt with pulmonary embolus
Term
Whipple's Triad
Definition
Evidence for insulinoma
1. hypoglycemia (<50)
2. CNS or vasomotor symptoms
3. Relief of symptoms with administration of glucose
Term
What is Boerhave's Syndrome
Definition
esophageal perforation
Term
What is Budd Chiari syndrome?
Definition
thombosis of hepatic veins
Term
what is Cushing's Syndrome
Definition
excessive cortisol production
Term
What is Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome
Definition
perihpeatic gonorrhea infection
Term
What is Gardner's Syndrome
Definition
GI polyps and associated findings of Sebaceous cysts, Osteomas, and Desmoid tumors
Polyps have a high malignancy potential
Term
what is HITT syndrome?
Definition
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenic Thrombosis Syndrome
Term
What is Leriche's syndrome
Definition
Claudication of buttocksand thighs
Impotence
Atrophy of legs
Seen in iliac occlusive disease
Term
What is Mallory Weiss Syndrome?
Definition
post-emesis/retching tears in the gastric mucosa
Term
What is Mendelson's syndrome?
Definition
Chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of gastric contents
Term
What is Mirizzi's syndrome?
Definition
extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic bile duct from a gallstonein the gallbaldder or cystic duct
Term
What is Munchausen syndrome?
Definition
self induced illness
Term
What is Ogilvie's Syndrome?
Definition
massive nonobstructive colonic dilation
Term
What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
Definition
Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation
Term
What is Plummer-Vinson Syndrome?
Definition
Syndrome of
1. Esophageal webs
2. iron-deficiency anemia
3. dysphagia
4. spoon-shaped nails
5. atrophic oral and tongue mucosa
typically occurs in elderly women, 10% develop squamous cell carcinoma
Term
what is RED reaction syndrome?
Definition
syndrome of rapid vancomycin infusion resulting in skin erythema
Term
what is refeeding syndrome?
Definition
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia after refeeding a starved patient.
Term
What is Rendu-Osler Weber (ROW) syndrome?
Definition
Syndromes of GI tract telangiectasia/A-V malformations
Term
What is short gut syndrome?
Definition
malnutrition resulting from <200cm of viable small bowel
Term
What is another name for Sipple's Syndrome?
Definition
MEN II
Term
What is Tietze's Syndrome?
Definition
costochondritis of rib cartilage, aspectic
treat with NSAIDs
Term
What is Toxic Shock Syndrome?
Definition
Staph. Aureus toxin induced syndrome marked by fever, hypotension, organ failure, and rash (desquamation especially palms and soles)
Term
What is Trousseau's Syndrome?
Definition
Syndrom of DVT associated with carcinoma
Term
What is another name for Wermer's Syndrome?
Definition
MEN I
Term
What is Zollinger Ellison SYndrome?
Definition
gastrinoma and PUD
Term
MC indication for surgery with Crohn's disease
Definition
small bowel obstruction
Term
MC type of melanoma
Definition
superficial spreading
Term
MC type of breast cancer
Definition
infiltrating ductal
Term
MC site of breast cancer?
Definition
upper outer quadrant
Term
MC vessel involved with a bleeding duodenal ulcer?
Definition
gastroduodenal artery
Term
MCC of commmon bile duct obstruction?
Definition
choledocholithiasis
Term
MCC of cholangitis
Definition
bile duct obstruction resulting from choledocholithiasis
Term
MCC of pancreatitis
Definition
alcohol
Term
MC bacteria in stool
Definition
bacteroides fragilis (B frag)
Term
MCC of SBO in adults in the US?
Definition
postop peritoneal adhesions
Term
MCC of SBO in kids?
Definition
hernias
Term
MCC of emergency abdominal surgery in the US?
Definition
acute appendicitis
Term
MC site of GI carcinoids
Definition
appendix
Term
MC abdominal xray finding with SBO?
Definition
air-fluid level
Term
MC electrolyte deficiency causing ileus?
Definition
hypokalemia
Term
MCC of transfusion hemolysis
Definition
clerical error
Term
MCC of blood transfusion resulting in death
Definition
clerical error (wrong blood type)
Term
MC site of distant mets of sarcoma?
Definition
lungs
Term
MCC of shock in a surgical pt
Definition
hypovolemia
Term
MC position of anal fissure
Definition
posterior
Term
MCC of large bowel obstruction?
Definition
colon cancer
Term
MC type of colonic volvulus?
Definition
sigmoid volvulus
Term
MCC of fever < 48 hrs postop?
Definition
atelectasis
Term
MC bacterial cause of UTI?
Definition
e coli
Term
MC CXR finding with traumatic thoracic aortic injury?
Definition
widened mediastinum
Term
MC abdominal organ injured in blunt abdominal trauma?
Definition
Liver (not the spleen!)
Term
MC abdominal organ injured in penetrating abdominal trauma?
Definition
small bowel
Term
MC benign tumor of the liver?
Definition
hemangioma
Term
MC malignancy of the liver?
Definition
metastasis
Term
MC pneumonia in the ICU?
Definition
gram negative bacteria
Term
MCC of epidural hematoma?
Definition
middle meningeal artery injury
Term
MCC of lower GI bleeding
Definition
Upper GI bleeding
Term
MC hernia
Definition
inguinal hernia (right more than left)
Term
MCC of esophogeal perforation?
Definition
iatrogenic instrumentation
Term
MC cancer in females
Definition
lung
Term
MC cancer in males
Definition
prostate
Term
MC type of cancer causing death in males and females?
Definition
lung
Term
MCC of free peritoneal air?
Definition
perforated PUD
Term
MC symptom of gastric cancer
Definition
weight loss
Term
MC site of colon cancer hematogenous spread
Definition
liver
Term
MCC of death ages 1-44
Definition
trauma
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