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| Established judicial review by ruling part of Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional |
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| Established national supremacy over state legislation; concerned taxing of the Second National Bank |
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| Precedent for power of federal government to regulate interstate commerce; about a waterways monopoly granted by a state |
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| Used judicial review; voided the Missouri Compromise; argued that no blacks were citizens and that slaves were protected property under the 5th amendment. |
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| During Civil War; ruled that civilians cannot be tried in military tribunals if there are civil courts |
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| Ruled that the 14th amendment "privileges and immunities" clause did not apply to bill of rights; just certain specific rights like voting and petitioning Congress |
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| Rejected woman's suffrage under 14th amendment privileges + immunities clause |
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| Upheld federal law banning polygamy; did not violate Free Exercise clause because it was not directed at religion in particular |
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| "Separate-but-equal" doctrine upheld separate black and white facilities |
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| Struck down law limiting working hours (part of anti-labor-reform) by Due Process Clause of 14th amendment - right of employers and employees to make contracts |
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| "clear and present danger" test for limiting free speech; upheld convictions under Espionage Act. |
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| Beginning of selective incorporation; held that freedom of speech and press was guaranteed against states |
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| First time that SCOTUS Stuck down a state law that limited freedom of press by imposing prior restraint |
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| Ruled that indigent members of society must be provided with competent counsel at expense of public |
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| "sick chicken case": struck down the New Deal NRA codes b/c they tried to regulate intrastate commerce |
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| Incorporated almost all of the Bill of Rights into rights and liberties guaranteed by states |
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| Upheld constitutionality of Japanese internment |
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| Youngstown Sheet & Tube v. Sawyer |
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| Ruled that President Truman could not seize the steel industry to forestall strikes during wartime |
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| Established the exclusionary principle |
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| Banned organized prayer in public schools; cited "wall of separation" between church and state |
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| Ruled that the Supreme Court has jurisdiction over questions of legislative apportionment |
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| Clarified Baker v. Carr; said that Georgia's legislative apportionment was unfair because votes held uneven value |
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| "one person, one vote" in legislative apportionment from equal protection clause |
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| Ruled that 5 and 14th amendments guaranteed a court-appointed attorney for the defendant |
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| Held the right to have an attorney present during questioning |
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| New York Times v. Sullivan |
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| Protected press from libel suits that didn't prove actual actual malice, as opposed to unintentional overstatement |
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| Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US |
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| Held that Commerce Clause allowed regulation of local commerce when they relate to the "interstate flow of goods and people", specifically preventing hotels from discriminating racially |
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| Right to privacy; prevents states from banning the use or sale of contraceptives |
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| Police have to inform suspects of rights; suspect has right to attorney during questioning |
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| Rejected distinctions drawn by race or other racial classifications; struck down Virginia's anti-miscegenation law |
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| Entitled students to some 1st Amendment free speech rights in schools; specifically, a black armband protesting the Vietnam War |
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| Created 2-part free speech test: illegal if directed at AND likely to cause "imminent lawless action" |
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| Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg |
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| Ordered busing to achieve racial balance in schools |
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| Created the 3-part "Lemon Test" dealing with religion and Establishment Clause |
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| Allowed publication of the Pentagon Papers based on 1st Amendment despite national security concerns |
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| Found that capital punishment was often applied unevenly and set strict guidelines for its use ( but did not rule it unconstitutional) |
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| Struck down any law prohibiting 1st trimester abortions due to right to privacy |
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| Ruled that Nixon could not claim executive privilege to withhold tapes form Watergate |
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| Ruled that a rich candidate can spend an unlimited amount of his or her money b/c it expresses "free speech" |
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| Univ. of California Regents v. Bakke |
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| Ruled that racial quotas for affirmative action were illegal after a white medical student who did not get in sued |
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| Ruled that searches could be undetook with "probable cause" after school officials searched a student's purse on suspicion of marijuana |
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| Louisiana could not require public schools to teach creationism; the law violated the Lemon Test |
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| Webster v. Reproductive Health Services |
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| Permitted states to impose some restrictions on abortions, upholding most of a Missouri law; did not overturn Roe v. Wade, contrary to many's expectations and intentions |
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| Employment Division of Oregon v. Smith |
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| Religious practices like peyote can be restricted as long as the law applies to general conduct |
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| Planned Parenthood v. Casey |
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| Ruled that states can limit abortions as long as they do not place an "undue burden" on the woman but upheld the idea of Roe v. Wade |
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| Ruled that flag burning was constitutional |
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| Blocked racial gerrymandering |
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| Vernonia School District v. Acton |
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| Gave schools the right to conduct random drug tests |
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| United States v. Virginia Military Institute |
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| Required the VMI to accept women |
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| Ruled that the Boy Scouts of America could disciminate aginst homosexuals because they were a private organization |
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| California Democratic Party v. Jones |
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| Ruled that political parties have a right to hold primaries limited to party members for state elections |
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| Reversed a lower court decision ordering a recount of Florida votes after the 2000 election, giving Bush the victory |
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| Right to counsel is offense specific |
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| Court held that using a thermal-imaging device to look inside a home w/o a warrant violates the 4th Amendment b/c the device is not publicly available. |
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| Grutter v. Bollinger & Gratz v. Bollinger |
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| Upheld a policy using race as an individualized factor in admissions, but blocked a system adding points for race |
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| Struck down a Texas law criminalizing sodomy due to the right to privacy and the Due Process clause |
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| Kelo v. City of New London |
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| Held that a city can take property to give to developers for a commercial purpose under eminent domain |
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| Involved one of Bin Laden's drivers imprisoned in Guantanamo. Ruled that he had to be given a fair trial even in a military tribunal due to the Geneva Convention |
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| Overturned a Nebraska law prohibiting a "partial-birth" abortion |
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| Gonzales v. Carhart & Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood |
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| Upheld a US law banning partial-birth abortions (departing from earlier precedent) |
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| FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life |
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| Reduced limitations on independent issue ads from the McCain-Feingold Act |
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| Gave EPA authority to regulate auto emissions of certain greenhouse gases |
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| "Bong hits for Jesus" case: permitted schools to ban speech that promotes drug use |
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| Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 |
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| Limited district's ability to use race to assign students to school for integration |
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| District of Columbia v. Heller |
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| Overturned a handgun ban in the DoC based on 2nd Amendment rights, but permitted regulation of gun ownership |
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| Caperton v. A. T. Massey Coal Company |
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| Judges must excuse themselves from cases involving parties who spent large amounts of money to get them appointed/elected |
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| Safford Unified School District v. Redding |
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| Ruled that school searches of students must be related to the suspected offense and not excessively intrusive; the case involved a strip search of a student believed to possess drugs |
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| Court ruled that employers shouldn't throw out test results just because of a racial disparity, overturning precedent |
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| Upheld consumer's right to sue drug companies for false or misleading advertising, against Bush lawyers |
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| Government cannot restrict corporation's spending in political campaigns because of their 1st Amendment rights |
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| Ruled that the 14th Amendment extends 2nd Amendment right to bear arms to the states |
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| Ruled that suspects must explicitly invoke right to silence; Sotomayor dissented, saying this violated Miranda v. Arizona |
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| FCC v. Fox Television Station |
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| Overturned an indecency conviction b/c the FCC did not provide sufficient notice to Fox, but kept the general constitutionality of indecency laws. |
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| Overturned parts of an immigration law, like immigrants having to register with the government or allowing warrantless arrests, but upheld instruction to check status of people detained |
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| National Federation of Independent Business v. Selbuis (Affordable Care Act ) |
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| Largly upheld the Affordable Care Acts, including the individual mandate. |
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