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Supreme Court Justices
Biographies
112
Law
Undergraduate 3
03/31/2011

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Term
Roger Taney
Definition
Chief Justice. Wrote Dred Scott Decision.
Term
James M. Wayne
Definition
This interest in books was the beginning of a lifelong devotion to reading that would later make him a familiar sight at the Library of Congress during his Washington years. He managed to graduate in 1808, but not without first being expelled temporarily for participating in a student rebellion. Had quite the social life. Supporter and appointed by Andrew Jackson. Encouraged Chief Justice taney to make Dred Scot a broad constitutional decision to put slavery issue to rest. Georgia Citizenship was revoked for supporting the Union.
Term
Philip P. Barbour
Definition
Brother in the Senate had opposing views. Speaker of the House. Mayor of New v. Miln (Ship records)
Term
John Catron
Definition
Part of General Andrew Jackson's army. Concurrent opinion in Dred Scott. Southerner who supported Union in Civil War. Had expansionist view of wartime federal powers.
Term
John McKinley
Definition
Alabama Bank Cases in circuit riding. Overturned by Supreme Court. Advocated greater access to land by small buyers.
Term
Peter V. Daniel
Definition
Appointed in last week of Van Buren's Term. Absolutist state's rights supporter and extreme secessionist.
Term
Samuel Nelson
Definition
50 year judicial career. Wrote more limited, alternate Dred Scott Opinion. Wrote Dissent in Prize Cases (Lincoln's wartime power). Thought Lincoln should have avoided war. Alabama Claims Commission.
Term
Levi Woodbury
Definition
Kept an notes on his thoughts. Overachiever. From New Hampshire, Dartmouth Trustee. Secretary of the Navy, Treasury Secretary. Jones v. Van Zandt
Term
Robert Grier
Definition
Wrote majority opinion in Prize Cases, upholding Lincoln's wartime actions. Suffered paralysis and forced to retire.
Term
Benjamin Curtis
Definition
Resigned after Dred Scott, in which he dissented. Doctrine of "selective exclusiveness".
Term
John Campbell
Definition
Southerner who resigned at outbreak of Civil War. Tried to broker peace with the Union. Eventually argued Slaughter House cases before the Supreme Court.
Term
Nathan Clifford
Definition
Polk's Attorney General. Brokered Treaty with Mexico. Became Mexican Minister. Resolved President Hayes' election.
Term
Noah Swayne
Definition
Strong abolitionist. First appointee of Lincoln. Strongly supported the post war amendments.
Term
Samuel Miller
Definition
Abolitionist. Appointed by lincoln. First Justice west of the mississippi. Slaughter House cases, "wrote that the right to do business did not derive from one's U.S. citizenship"
Term
David Davis
Definition
Primary architect of lincoln's nomination strategy. Nominated by Lincoln as recognition for his campaign efforst. 300 pounds. Mutton chops. Wrote decision in Ex Parte Milligan.
Term
Stephen J. Field
Definition
Alcalde in California. Nominated to 10th seat during civil war. His enemy was killed by his body guard. Served on the court with his nephew, David Brewer.
Term
Salmon Chase
Definition
Lost to Lincoln in Primary, appointed Treasury Sec. Appointed Chief Justice by Lincoln. Voted against const. of Legal Tender Acts he helped with as Treasury Secretary. Texas v. White (approved Congress Reconstruction program)
Term
William Strong
Definition
Wrote the decision establishing paper money as currency. VP of American Bible society
Term
Joseph P. Bradley
Definition
Cast the deciding vote in Favor of Hayes. Ruled 1875 Civil Rights Act unconstitutional. Biased with sex and race
Term
Ward Hunt
Definition
Lone Dissenter in United States v. Reese (weakened application of 15th amendment to protect black voters) Charged Susan B. Anthony $100 for voting. Wouldn't quit for 3 years after a stroke.
Term
Morrison R. Waite
Definition
Chief Justice. Had no judicial experience when appointed. Wrote United States V. Cruikshanks majority opinion. United States V. Reese.
Term
John Marshall Harlan
Definition
Lone Dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson.
Term
William B. Woods
Definition
Wrote for Majority in United States v. Harris, saying the Congress couldn't punish individuals for depriving civil rights.
Term
Stanley Matthews
Definition
"toleration - I hate that word." Was Hayes' counsel in determining outcome of election. Ruled against polygamists and grand jury indictment regrettably.
Term
Horace Gray
Definition
6'6''. Helped establish the "case study method." Proved Dred Scott wrong with Jefferson Quote. Became a member of Boston's Saturday Club with famous writers.
Term
Samuel Blatchford
Definition
one of the hardest working, most productive justices on supreme court ever. "Workhorse." Contradicted himself in the government setting rates in Chi, Mil, & St. Paul Rail way v. Minnesota and Budd v. New York. Last New York seat justice.
Term
Lucious Lamar
Definition
First Democratic appointee in years after Civil War. Broke up Democratic party after Stephen Douglas won nomination. Supported Seccession and fought for confederacy. Kidd v. Pearson (ruled that manufacturing wasn't business)
Term
Melville W. Fuller
Definition
Chief Justice. Prolific poet. Read and had a shit ton of books. Instituted the HANDSHAKING practice. Struck down first income tax.Served in the Hague.
Term
David J. Brewer
Definition
Property rights advocate. Muller v. Oregon (imposed maximum work week for women) Uncle (?) was on court with him.
Term
Henry B. Brown
Definition
Appointment to Supreme Court was "magnificent christmas gift." Wrote majority opinion in Plessy
Term
George Shiras Jr.
Definition
the only justice with no political or judicial experience prior to his appointment. Was swing vote in Pollock V. Farmers Loan and Trust, the case that doomed the first income tax. Retired after 10 years of service.
Term
Howell E. Jackson
Definition
Despite being incredibly sick, haggard, and frail. Voted on income tax case
Term
Edward White
Definition
First Associate Justice to be elevated to Chief Justice. Rule of reason in judging anti-trust cases.
Term
Rufus Peckham
Definition
Wrote majority opinion in Lochner v. New York. Father was a state supreme court justice.
Term
Joseph McKenna
Definition
Friends with Leland Stanford. AG to McKinley. Took law classes at Columbia after his appointment. Upheld Mann Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
Term
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
Definition
Clear and Present Danger Doctrine (Schenk v. US) Law is a living, evolving organism. PROGRESSIVES Progressive
Term
William R. Day
Definition
Drafted Terms of War against Spain. Secretary of State. hawaii, guam, puerto rico. Buchanan v. Warley (racially segregate neighborhoods are unconstitutional.)
Term
William H. Moody
Definition
Co-Prosecutor in Lizzie Borden Trial. Attorney General for Teddy fighting for anti-trust. Twinning v. New Jersey (self-incrimination protections don't apply to states)
Term
Horace Lurton
Definition
Oldest justice ever to be appointed. Served on federal appeals court with Taft, subsequently nominated by him.
Term
Charles Evan Hughes
Definition
Nonconsecutive terms as Associate Justice and Chief Justice. Chief Justice during New Deal. Changed temperament of court that prevented the court packing.
Term
Willis Van Devanter
Definition
Wyoming bad ass motherfucker. Drafted Judiciary Act of 1925. McGrain v. Daughtery (affirmed congress' right to subpoena witnesses). Leader of the wing against Roosevelt.
Term
Joseph Lamar
Definition
Georgia Supreme Court. Gompers v. Bucks Stove and Range Company
Term
Mahlon Pitney
Definition
Antilabor "yellow dog contracts" New Jersey
Term
James C. McReynolds
Definition
AG under Wilson. A "Four Horseman" VERY ANTI-Roosevelt. Kind of an ass to people, but secretly gave to charity.
Term
Louis Brandeis
Definition
Helped create pro-bono tradition. Helped designed anti-trust laws and the New Deal legislation. "Brandeis Brief" relied on sociolgical data. First Jew. Insisted on Privacy.
Term
John Clarke
Definition
Majority opinion in US v. Lehigh Valley Railroad. Wrote majority opinion in Abrams v. United States limiting free speech.Resigned to advocate league of nations.
Term
William Howard Taft
Definition
Chief Justice and President. Nuff said.
Term
George Sutherland
Definition
Only justice from Utah. NOT MORMON. Four Horseman.
Term
Pierce Butler
Definition
Four Horseman. Against New Deal. Minnesota. Laissez-Fair. Stubborn.
Term
Edward T. Sanford
Definition
Wrote Gitlow v. New York. Strengthened freedom of the press. Pocket Veto.
Term
Harlan Fiske Stone
Definition
Chief Justice In WII. Appointed J. Edgar Hoover. First Justice to appear before Senate Judiciary Commitee. Supported New Deal, was in minority. Upheld Japanese internment. Cerebral hemmorage in court killed the bastard.
Term
Owen J. Roberts
Definition
"the switch in time that saved nine" West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish. Wrote the opinion invalidating Agriculture Adjustment Act.
Term
Benjamin Cardozo
Definition
Replaced Oliver Wendell Holmes Wrote opinion in Palko v. Connecticut. Upheld Social Security.
Term
Hugo Black
Definition
Former Klan member. Chambers v. Florida. "No law, means NO LAW"
Term
Stanley F. Reed
Definition
Solicitor General defending New Deal policies. Wrote decision invalidating white primary. Abandoned Brown v. Board dissent. Shortly Chairman of Civil Rights Commission
Term
Felix Frankfurter
Definition
Last foreign born justice. Helped found the new republic. Knew about the Atomic Bomb. Separate opinion in Cooper V. Aaron.
Term
William O. Douglas
Definition
Chairman of SEC. Dissented in Dennis V. United States. Strong civil libertarian. Wrote Griswold v. Connecticut opinion.
Term
Frank Murphy
Definition
Created Civil Rights Division in DOJ. AG for Roosevelt. Disssented in Korematsu v. United States
Term
James F. Byrnes
Definition
FDR's favorite senator. Wrote opinion allowing interstate travel. Resigned to assist in war. Secretary of State at end of WWII
Term
Robert H. Jackson
Definition
Chief US Counsel at Nuremburg Trials.
Term
Wiley B. Rutledge
Definition
Everson v. Board of Education (New Jersey busing dissent- establishment clause) Yamashita dissent
Term
Harold H. Burton
Definition
First Truman appointee. Laid ground work for US participation in United Nations. Toolson v. New York Yankees. Reasoned picketing was not protected expression.
Term
Fred Vinson
Definition
Helped establish Agricultural Adjustment Act and Social Security Act. Truman's Secretary of the Treasury. Chief Justice. Wrote Shelley v. Kramer, McLaurin v. Oklaholma City Regents, Sweatt v. Painter
Term
Tom C. Clark
Definition
Truman's Attorney General. Wrote opinion in Mapp v. Ohio (evidence from unconstitutional searches is inadmissable) Seeger (conscientious objector) Bible reading case (Schemp) a
Term
Shermon Minton
Definition
Supported Court packing, tried to pass 7 vote decsion rule. Thought court should defer to other branches. Favored govt. (warrantless searches were OK) US v. Rabinowitz
Term
Earl Warren
Definition
Chief Justice over Brown
Term
John Marshall Harlan
Definition
Grandson of Harlan. Did not share activist views of Warren Court. Upheld NAACP right to keep lists confidential.
Term
William J. Brennan
Definition
Wrote NY Times v. Sullivan. Wrote Texas v. Johnson
Term
Charles Whittaker
Definition
Swing Vote on warren Court
Term
Potter Stewart
Definition
Dissented in Griswold. Independent justice of the Warren court. Katz v. United States (wiretapping) "cruel and unusual in the way that being struck by lightening is cruel and unusual)
Term
Byron White
Definition
All- American football player. Assistant AG to RFK. First JFK appointee. Dissented in Miranda and Roe. Davis V. Washington (equal protection clause)
Term
Arthur J. Goldberg
Definition
Labor lawyer. Kennedy's Secretary of Labor. Escobedo (should be allowed to consult a lawyer). Resigned to be Ambassador to UN
Term
Abe Fortas
Definition
close friend of LBJ. Wrote Opinion for In Re Gault (self-incrimination/right to counsel extends to juveniles) Tinker v. Des Moines (arm bands in schools-free speech). Resigned in disgrace 1969.
Term
Thurgood Marshall
Definition
First African-American - NAACP lawyer. BAMF.
Term
Warren Burger
Definition
Chief Justice. Nixon appointee. Miller v. California. US v. Nixon.
Term
Harry Blackmun
Definition
UC Regents v. Bakke "in order to get passed racism, we have to take account of it" Wrote Roe v. Wade. Dissented in Bowers.
Term
Lewis F. Powell, Jr.
Definition
Nixon appointee because of his stance on Crime. San Antonio v. Rodriguez. Affirmative Action permissable, quotas HELL NO.
Term
William H. Rehnquist
Definition
Chief Justice. Dissented in Roe v. Wade. Clerked in the 50's for Jackson. Uged that separate but equal not be overturned.
Term
John Paul Stevens
Definition
Gerald Ford nominee. FCC v. Pacifica opinion (dirty words)
Term
Sandra Day O'Connor
Definition
First Woman. Planned parenthood v. casey
Term
Scalia
Definition
Swing Vote in Texas V. Johnson First italian american. Talked much about standing. Textualist approach.
Term
Anthony Kennedy
Definition
Swing vote. Planned Parenthood v. Casey. Lawrence v. Texas. Chadha v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Term
Souter
Definition
Never Married. Retired to go to new hampshire. Planned Parenthood v. Casey. Centrist.
Term
Clarence Thomas
Definition
Quiet. Second African American. Super duper conservative. Sexual harrassment controversy in confirmation. Hudson v. McMillan.
Term
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Definition
Clinton Appointee. Second Woman. Worked for equal rights for women.
Term
Stephen Breyer
Definition
Hey. Brey! Clerked for Goldberg. Wrote draft as clerk of Griswold v. CT. Assistant Special Prosecutor in Watergate. Clinton appointee. U.S. v. Lopez. Pragmatic.
Term
John Roberts
Definition
Current Chief Justice. Bush appointee. 2005
Term
Alito
Definition
Bush Appointee. Second Italian American. ACLU opposed his nomination.
Term
Sotomayor
Definition
First Hispanic Justice. Dissented in Citizen's United, her first case.
Term
Kagan
Definition
Butt ugly. Dean of Harvard Law. Solictor General under Obama.
Term
John Jay
Definition
First Chief Justice. Wrote Federalist papers.
Term
John Rutledge
Definition
Appointed twice but never served. went fuckin crazy
Term
William Cushing
Definition
Last to wear a wig. Was judge for Britain before the war. Avoided impeachment by denouncing loyalty to the crown.
Term
James Wilson
Definition
One of two Scots to sign DOC. Him and Madison most influential members of const. const. Risky real estate speculator. Died in disgrace.
Term
John Blair Jr.
Definition
Ruling as virginia state justice seen as precedent for Marbury. Attended const. const. Missed several terms cause of a strange illness in his head.
Term
James Iredell
Definition
Tax collector when young.Southern Circuit riding was hard. North Carolina. Dissented in chisholm v. georgia.
Term
Thomas Johnson
Definition
Buddies with George Washington. Shortest ever tenure on the court.
Term
William Paterson
Definition
Architect of New Jersey Plan. Born in Ireland. Organized judicial branch as senator with judiciary act of 1789. Van Horne decision was quoted in Marbury.
Term
Samuel Chase
Definition
Elitist. Ulare v. Hilton striking down virginia law contrary to treaty of paris
Term
Oliver Ellsworth
Definition
Proposed bicameral legislature. Chief Justice.
Term
bushrod washington
Definition
nephew of George Washington. Chief Justice Marshall's friend.
Term
Alfred Moore
Definition
Missed Marbury v. Madson. University of North Carolina.
Term
John Marshall
Definition
Marbury v. Madison Chief Justice.
Term
William Johnson
Definition
First great dissenter. Very independent, went against Jefferson. Majority opinion in hudson v. goodwin. University of South Carolina.
Term
Henry Brockholst Livingstone
Definition
Close friend of Jay. Dueled. Imprisoned by British. Energetic and Independent.
Term
Thomas Todd
Definition
Petitioned for Kentucky statehood. First Justice from West! KENTUCKY
Term
Gabriel Duvall
Definition
Comptroller of Treasury. Advanced opinions of slavery for his day.
Term
Joseph Story
Definition
Poet. One of most influential legal scholars in american history.
Term
Smith Thompson
Definition
Created formula for determining legislative intent Cherokee nation opinion
Term
Robert Trimble
Definition
Adam's only appointment. Kentucky supreme court positions put him at odds with his own state.
Term
John McLean
Definition
Postmaster General. established jeffersonian newspaper. DISSENTED in Dred Scott.
Term
Henry Baldwin
Definition
Eccentric. Stood up for Andrew Jackson. Intemperate, unhinged.
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