Year: 1803

Chief Justice: John Marshal

Question: Did the SC have original jurisdiction to require Marbury's appointment be delivered. Did the Judiciary Act violate the Constitution 

Decision: unanimous for Madison

Established the SC power of judicial review

Year: 1819

Chief Justice: John Marshall

Question: Did Congress have the authority to establish a bank? Does a state have the power to tax a federal entity?

Decision: unanimous for McCulloch

Implied powers

Congress has power to start a bank

Year: 1833

Chief Justice: John Marshall

Question: Does the 5th Amendment apply to state governments, disallowing the taking of private property of public use without fairly compensatin the owner?

Decision: unanimous for Baltimore

5th Amendment limits powers of the national government (not applicable to the states)

Date: 1857

Chief Justice: Taney

Question: Was Dred Scott a free US citizen with rights to sue or was he slave?

Decision: 7-2 for Sandford

Plessy v. Ferguson

Year: 1896

Chief Justice: Melville Fuller

Question: Are state segregation laws a violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment?

Decision: 7-1 for Ferguson

Plessy wanted to be arrested

Seperate-but-equal doctrine established

Year: 1925

Chief Justice: William Taft

Question: Does the 1st Amendment free speech clause apply to the states:

Decision: 7-2 for Gitlow

A state may forbide speech/publication if they have a tendency to result dangerous actions even w/o immediate clear and present danger...Danger Tendency Test

Incorporation Doctrine=1st Amendment being used as limiting influence on states

Year: 1931

Chief Justice: Charles Evans Hughes

Question: Does this gag law violate the free press rights protected by the 1st Amendment?

Decision: 5-4 for Near

Gag law= unconstitutional

Protection under prior restraint

Year: 1947

Chief Justice: Fred Vinson

Question: Did the NJ statute violate the establishment clause of the 1st Amendment as made applicable to the states through the 14th Amendment?

Decision: 5-4 for Board of Education

Law did not provide funds directly for religious schools

Year: 1954 & 1955

Chief Justice: Earl Warren

Questions:

  Brown I- Are separate-but-equal school facilities unconstitutional?

  Brown II- How should the principles established in Brown I be 

                  implemented?

 Decision: unanimous for Brown

I- declared racial discrimination was unconstitutional

 - separate but equal is unequal and violates 14th Amendment

II- adresses issue of implementing relief due to racial discrimination

   - implementation

Year: 1961

Chief Justice: Earl Warren

Question: May evidence obtained through an illegal search and seizure be used in a state criminal prosectution, or does the exclusionary rule apply to the states?

Decision: 6-3 for Map

Year: 1963

Chief Justice: Earl Warren

Question: Did the state court's failure to appoint counsel for Gideon violate his right to a fair trial and due process?

Decision: unanimous for Gideon

overturned Betts v. Brady

Year: 1963

Chief Justice: Earl Warren

Question: Did the Pennsylvania law and Abington's policy requiring public school students to participate in classroom religious exercises violate the establishment clause in the 1st Amendment?

Decision: 8-1 for Schempp

bible reading violated the free exercise clause and the establishment clause of the 1st amendment

Year: 1966

Chief Justice: Earl Warren

Question: Does the police practice of interrogation individuals without notifying them of their right to counsel and their protection against self-incrimination violate the 5th Amendment?

Decision: 5-4 for Miranda

Year: 1969

Chief Justice: Earl Warren

Question: Is the wearing of armbands in public school, as a form of symbolic protest, a right that should be allowed under the 1st Amendment's freedom of speech protections?

Decision: 7-2 for Tinker

Year: 1971

Chief Justice: Warren Burger

Question: Did the RI and Pennsylvania statutes violate the 1st Amendment's establishment clause by giving state financial aid to church-sponsored school?

Decision: 8-0 for Lemon (Thurgood Marshall did not participate)

"entangle the state in religious affairs"

Year: 1973

Chief Justice: Warren Burger

Question: Does the Consitutution protect a woman's right to have an abortion?

Decision: 7-2 for Roe

right to an abortion fell within the right to privacy protected by the 14th Amendment

Year: 1978

Chief Justice: Warren Burger

Question: Did the University of California violate the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause by practicing an affirmative action policy?

Decision: 5-4 for Blake

violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment

Year: 1985

Chief Justice: Warren Burger

Question: Did the search violate the 4th and 5th Amendments?

Decision: 6-3 for New Jersey

*drugs*

Year: 1988

Chief Justice: 1988

Question: Did the principal's censorship of the school newspaper violate the student's 1st Amendment rights?

Decision: 5-3 for Hazelwood

*school newspaper editing*

Year: 1989

Chief Justice: William Rehnquist

Question: Is the destruction of an American flag a form of speech that is protected under the 1st Amendment?

Decision: 5-4 for Johnson

*flag burning*