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| a society marked by developed arts, sciences, government, and social structure |
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| the way a civilization is organized |
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| the use of tools and other inventions for practical purposes |
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| a person who makes money by selling goods |
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| an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower with outside staircases and a shrine at the top |
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| a characteristic of civilization that includes the beliefs and behaviors of a society or a group of people |
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| writing that uses wedge-shaped characters |
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| a symbol that stands for an object |
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| a large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader or government |
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| a city that is the center of government |
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| wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior |
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| a collection of written laws and rules |
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| the way a region or country uses resources to produce and sell or trade goods and services to meet people's needs and wants |
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| a military blockade and attack on a city to force it to surrender |
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