Term
| Neurotransmitters affected by Alcohol |
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Definition
Increase GABA, Dopamine, and endorphins
Decrease Glutamate |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters affected by Anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic |
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Definition
Increase GABA
Decrease Glutamate |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters affected by Opiates |
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Definition
Increase Endorphins, ehkaphlins
(An enkephalin is a pentapeptide involved in regulating nociception in the body. The enkephalins are termed endogenous ligands, or specifically endorphins, as they are internally derived and bind to the body's opioid receptors. ) |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters affected by Stimulants |
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Definition
| Increase Noradrenaline, Dopamine |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters affected by Nicotine |
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Definition
| Increase acetylcholine (Ach) (acts as an agonist on Ach receptors) |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters affected by Hallucinogens |
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Definition
| Increase 5-HT (5-Hydroxytryptamine, Seratonin), Dopamine |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters affected by Dissociateive Anesthetics (Phenylcyclidine (PCP) or Angel Dust, Ketamine) |
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Definition
| Increase Glutamate receptors (ionotropic, very fast acting) |
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Term
|
Definition
Increase Dopamine, anandamide, cannabinoid recoptors
Decrease Glutamate
Acts as Analgesic |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase Noradrenaline and Dopamine (Increase release) |
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Term
| Pharmacological interventions for alcohol abuse |
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Definition
Intoxication: Large doses of B vitamins
Withrawal/delirium/hallucinosis: benzodiazepines (eg valium, librium, ativan)
Abstinence maintenance: Disuliram (Antabuse) |
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Term
| Pharmacological interventions for anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic intoxication |
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Definition
Flumazenil (Romazicon) for benzodiazepine toxicity
Withdrawal: taper for 4 to 8 weeks |
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Term
| Pharmacological interventions for Opiates |
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Definition
Overdose: Injectable opiate agonist, e.g. Naloxone (Narcan)
Intoxication: Oral opiate antagonist, e.g.ReVia, Trexan)
Withdrawal: Benzodiazepines; Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist; long-acting synthetic opiates, e.g. methadone (Dolophrine) and propoxyphene (Darvon)
Abstinance Maintenance: Methadone, LAAM, Naltrexone, Buprenorphine |
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Term
| Pharmacological interventions for stimulants (e.g. crack, cocaine, amphetamines) |
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Definition
Intoxication: Beta blockers, Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.
Dopamine agonists: amantadine (symmetrel, bromocriptine (Parlodel), and the dopamine precursor, L-dopa. |
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Term
| Pharmacological interventions for Hallucinogens |
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Definition
| Intoxication, psychosis: Antipsychotics, benzodiazepines (bad trip) |
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Term
| Pharmacological interventions for Dissociative Anesthetics Phenylcyclidine (PCP, Angel Dust), Ketamine |
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Definition
| Intoxication, psychosis: Antipsychotics, benzodiazepines (bad trip) |
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Term
| Pharmacological interventions for Cannabis |
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Definition
Intoxication (rare): benzodiazepines
Psychosis: Antippsychotic, esp. haloperidol |
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Term
| Pharmacological interventions for Solvents and Inhalants |
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Definition
| Intoxication, psychosis: Antipsychotics, benzodiazepines (bad trip) |
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Term
| Substances of abuse that increase GABA |
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Definition
Alcohol
Anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic |
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Term
| Substances of Abuse that increase Dopamine |
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Definition
Alcohol
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Cannabis
Solvents/Inhalants |
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Term
| Substances of Abuse that Increase Endorphins |
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Definition
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Term
| Substances of abuse that decrease Glutamate |
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Definition
Alcohol
Anxiolytics, sedative-hypnotics
Cannabis |
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Term
| Substances of Abuse that increase Noradrenaline |
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Definition
Stimulants
Solvents/Inhalants |
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Term
| Substances of Abuse that increase acetylcholine (Ach) |
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Definition
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Term
| Substances of Abuse that increase 5-HT (Seratonin) |
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Definition
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Term
| Substances of abuse that increase Glutamate receptors (ionotropic -- very fast acting) |
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Definition
Dissociative Anesthetics:
Phenylcyclidine (PHP/Angel Dust)
Ketamine |
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Term
| Substances of abuse that increase anandamide, cannabinoid receptors |
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Definition
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