Term
| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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Definition
found in Americas, Africa, and Japan in PLANT DEBRIS AND SOIL reservoirs.
Transmission=traumatic implantation of fomites |
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Term
| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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Definition
| SUPPURATIVE EXUDATE with fibrous tissue forming foci of necrosis |
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Term
| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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Definition
| LESIONS= sclerotic cells surrounded by neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. |
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Term
| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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Definition
| DENSE COLLAGENOUS ENCAPSULATION of connective tissue around fungus=pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and granulomas. Outer skin thickens/crusts |
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Term
| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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Definition
| VERRUCOUS DERMATITIS: papules, pustules, and nodules on hands, feet, and legs develop into cauliflower-shaped lesions |
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Term
| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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Definition
| CLADOSPORIOSIS: lesions in the brain cause headache, paralysis, coma, seizures |
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Term
| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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Definition
| KOH and PAS reveal sclerotic bodies with branching septate, brown hyphae, and thick-walled, round-to-oval brown cells with septa |
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Term
| Basidiobolus ranarum and Delacroixia coronatus |
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Definition
| causes subcutaneous zygomycosis |
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Term
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Definition
| causes basidiobolomycosis |
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Term
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Definition
| found in AFRICA and ASIA in soil, decaying vegetation, and reptile reservoirs. pathogen of amphibians and reptiles |
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Term
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Definition
| freely moveable subcutaneous nodules associated with lymphatics producing elephantitis with woody consistency |
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Term
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Definition
| ulcers do not form, but nodules become HYPERPIGMENTED |
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Term
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Definition
| KOH/PAS: non-septate or septate HYPHAE WITH SWOLLEN ENDS containing large papilla |
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Term
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Definition
| causes conidiobolomycosis: nasal swellings that develop into hard, painless polyps and subq noduless. causes edema of cheeks, forehead, lips, and eyes |
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Term
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Definition
Central America, Africa, and India in SOIL and DECAYING PLANTS.
Transmission is traumatic implantation of fomites |
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Term
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Definition
| KOH/PAS reveal HYPHAE with TERMINAL CONIDIA |
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Term
| Basidiobolus ranarum and Delacroixia coronatus |
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Definition
| hyphae invade subcutaneous tissues of limbs, buttocks, and perineum producing dense infiltrates of eosinophils and granulomas. |
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Term
| Alternaria, Cladophialophora, and Exophiala |
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Definition
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Term
| Phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Cladophialophora and Exophiala) |
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Definition
found worldwide in PLANT DEBRIS and SOIL.
Transmission= traumatic implantation or inhalation of conidia |
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Term
| Phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Cladophialophora and Exophiala) |
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Definition
| MULTIPLE GRANULOMATOUS ABSCESSES formed surrounding swollen, oval hyphae and conidia that have necrotic centers |
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Term
| Phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Cladophialophora and Exophiala) |
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Definition
| KOH/PAS stains reveal branching, septate, brown hyphae in infected tissue |
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Term
| Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Cladophialophora and Exophiala) |
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Definition
| cracked, fissured, ulcerated, lichenified, eczematous skin around lower or upper limbs |
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Term
| Phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Cladophialophora and Exophiala) |
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Definition
phaeomycotic cysts: asymptomatic, well encapsulated subq nodules
cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: brain infection |
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Term
| Pseudoallescheria and Madurella |
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Definition
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Term
| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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Definition
worldwide in SOIL, DECAYED VEGETATION, MANURE, AND POLLUTED WATER.
transmission: inhalation or traumatic implantation of fomites into skin |
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Term
| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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Definition
| hyphae invade subQ tissue=granulomas + allergic rxns |
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Term
| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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Definition
| evade host by depositing extracellular MELANIN |
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Term
| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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Definition
| EUMYCETOMAS: painless tumor-like swelling that ulcerate, form sinus tracts, and fibrosis/scarring with woody disfigurement |
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Term
| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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Definition
| bronchial pneumonia with colonization and fungus ball formation |
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Term
| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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Definition
| can cause sinusitis, otomycosis, meningitis, arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, endopthalmitis, keratitis, and cutaneous/subcutaneous lesions |
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Term
| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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Definition
| KOH/PAS: broad, branching septate hyphae with dense, neutrophilic exudates occuring as black grains. |
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Term
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Definition
| monomorphic yeast causing LOBOMYCOSIS |
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Term
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Definition
South and Central America + Florida
HUMAN and DOLPHIN reservoirs
Transmission= traumatic contact with skin |
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Term
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Definition
| mold psores release TOXIC COMPOUNDS producing imflammatory rxn leading to chronic granulomas |
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Term
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Definition
| painless PLAQUES and KELOIDS on skin ulcerate and spread to form tumor-like areas |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic leasions cause SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS |
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Term
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Definition
| KOH/PAS: thick-walled, globose to lemon shaped budding yeasts joined by short tubes ("chains of yeast") |
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Term
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Definition
| This yeast cannot be cultured |
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Term
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Definition
| monomorphic mold causes RHINOSPORIDIOSIS |
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Term
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Definition
worldwide in SOIL and WATER reservoirs
transmission= inhalation or contact with stagnant fresh water |
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Term
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Definition
micro-abscess or polyp in mucosa
globular sporangia filled with endospores |
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Term
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Definition
| sessile or pedunculated polyps in nose/palate mucouse membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| sessile or stalked growths in conjunctiva |
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Term
| Cutaneous Rhinosporidiosis |
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Definition
| wart-like ulcerated cutaneous lesions |
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Term
| Systemic Rhinosporidiosis |
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Definition
| polyp-like growths in bone, liver, lung, spleen, or brain |
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Term
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Definition
| KOH/PAS: thick-walled spherules (sporangia) with endospores inside |
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Term
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Definition
| dimorphic mold the produces subcutaneous infection SPOROTRICHOSIS |
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Term
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Definition
worldwide growing in DECAYING VEGETATION and SOIL reservoirs
traumatic implantation of plant or inhalation of conidia |
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Term
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Definition
| lymphatic lesions and circumscribed microabscesses |
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Term
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Definition
| PAS stain shows chlamydospores in ASTEROID BODIES and cigar shaped budding yeast forms in pus filled granulomas |
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Term
| Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis |
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Definition
| painless, nodular, erythematous necrotic lesions along lymph channels leading away from primary lesion in weeks to months |
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Term
| Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis |
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Definition
| single ulcers at site of inoculation on face, trunk, and neck |
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Term
| Mucocutaneous sporotrichosis |
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Definition
| ulcerative, suppurative lesions of the mucous membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| varies from chronic, cavitary lung lesions to lymph node involvement that cause bronchial obstruction |
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Term
| Extracutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis |
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Definition
| cutaneous lesions that spread to eye, bones, periosteum, synovium, or other organs causing meningitis in immunosuppressed |
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