Term
| Causes of Dilated cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
| Alcohol Abuse, wet Beriberi, Coxsackie B virus myocarditis, chronic Cocain use, Chagas' disease, Doxorubicin, Hemochromatosis, Peripartum cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| Genetic cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
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Term
| How can hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cause syncope? |
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Definition
| LV outflow obstruction b/c hypertrophied IV septum |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrosis of endomyocardium w/ prominent eosinophilic infiltrate. Causes restrictive cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| Signs/Symptoms of Bacterial Endocarditis |
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Definition
Bacteria FROM JANE:
Fever, Roth spots, Osler's nodes, Murmur, Janeway lesions, Anemia, Nail-bed hemorrhages, Emboli |
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Term
| Libman-Sacks endocarditis is associated with what? |
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Definition
Lupus
Wartlike sterile vegetations on both sides of the valve. Assoc w/ mitral regurg and maybe mitral stenosis |
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Term
| Rheumatic heart disease has what histologic finding? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the signs/symptoms of rheumatic heart disease? |
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Definition
FEVERSS
Fever, Erythema marginatum, Valvular damage, ESR increased, Red-hot joints (migratory polyarthritis), Subcutaneous nodules, St. Vitus' dance (chorea) |
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Term
| Rheumatic heart disease is what kind of reactioN? |
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Definition
Type II hypersensitivity
Ab to M protein (from bacteria) --> get cross reactivity with antigens on the heart, CNS and subcutaneous tissue) |
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Term
| What are the 3 causes of aortic insufficiency? |
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Definition
Nondissecting aortic aneurysm
Rheumatic Heart disease
Syphilic heart disease (aortitis) |
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Term
| What disease are rhabdomyomas associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does CREST stand for? |
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Definition
| Calcinosis, Raynaud's, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangectasia |
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Term
| What are the effects of Wegener's granulomatosis? |
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Definition
| Focal necrotizing vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airway and necrotizing glomerulonephritis |
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Term
| What are the ANCA positive vasculitidies? |
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Definition
Wegener's
Microscopic polyangiitis
Primary pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis
Churg-Strauss (granulomatous vasculitis w/ eosinophilia) |
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Term
| What type of nephropathy is Henoch-Schonlein purpura associated witH? |
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Definition
IgA nephropathy
Affects skin, joints and GI |
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Term
| Thromboangiitis obliterans --> segmental, thrombosing vasculitis of small and medium peripheral arteries and veins. Claudication, superficial nodular phlebitis, cold sensitivity, severe pain. In smokers |
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Definition
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Term
| In kids, red lips/oral mucosa, lymphadenitis, desquamative skin rash. What is it and what is a major complication? |
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Definition
Kawasaki disease
Coronary aneurysm |
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Term
| Fever, wt loss, malaise, abd pain, melenca, headache, myalgia, HTN, neuro dysfxn, cutaneous eruptions. Hep B seropositive. Aneurysms and contrictions on angiogram. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fever, Arthritis, Night sweats, MYalgia, SKIN nodules, Ocular disturbances, Weak pulses in upper extremities. |
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Definition
Takayasu's arteritis
FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday
Granulomatous thickening of aortic arch and great vessels. Increased ESR. Asian females <40 |
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Term
| What capillary skin papules are mistaken for Kaposi's sarcoma. What causes them? |
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Definition
Bacillary angiomatosis
Causes by Bartonella henselae (cat scratch) |
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Term
| What is angiosarcoma and where is it? What causes it? |
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Definition
Malignancy of liver.
Vinyl chloride (CCl4), arsenic, thorotrast |
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Term
| Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by what virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 2 CCBs are cardiac specific? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs are used to treat malignant hypertension (3)? |
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Definition
| Nitroprusside, Fenoldopam (D1 rec agonist, relaxes renal vasc smooth mm), Diazoxide (K channel opener) |
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Term
| What is the most effective drug to raise HDL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug has the biggest effect on triglycerides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the side effects of statins? |
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Definition
| Hepatotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis |
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Term
| What are the side effects of fibrates? |
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Definition
| Myositis, hepatotoxicity, cholesterol gallstones |
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Term
| What factors worsen digoxin toxicity? |
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Definition
| Hypokalemia, renal failure (decreased excretion), quinidine (decreases clearance, displaces dig from tissue-binding sites so increased dig for effect) |
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Term
| What are the class IA antiarrhymics? |
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Definition
Quinidine (cinchoism), Procainamide (SLE), Disopyramide
All can cause torsades |
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Term
| What are all the class IB antiarrhymics? |
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Definition
Lidocaine, Mexiletine ,Tocainide
I'd Buy LIDy's MEXIcan Tacos
No effect on QT or PR |
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Term
| What are the class IC antiarrhythmics? |
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Definition
Flecainide, Encainide, Propafenone
Chipotle's Food has Excellent Produce |
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Term
| What is the toxicity of the class IC antiarrhythmics? |
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Definition
Proarrhythmic post-MI (CI!)
b/c significantly prolongs refractory period in AV node. Use for V-tach and SVT |
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Term
| What are the class III antiarrhythmics? |
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Definition
| Sotalol, ibutilide, bretylium, dofetilide, amiodarone |
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Term
| What are the side effects of amiodarone? |
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Definition
Pulmonary fibrosis, hpeatotox and hypo/hyperthyroidism
Check PFTs, LFTs and TFTs! |
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Term
| What are the effects on the heart by adenosine? |
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Definition
Increased K out of cells --> hyperpolarizing
Blocked by theophylline |
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Term
| When would you give Mg for the heart? |
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Definition
| Torsades and digoxin toxicity |
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Term
| What effect does acidosis have on contractility? |
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Definition
| decreases it (H+ in, K+ out) This helps the Na/K ATPase, which is the opposite effect of digoxin. |
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Term
| What valves are affected by Rheumatic heart disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What heart defect is associated with Rubella? |
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Definition
| PDA, Septal defects, pulmonary artery stenosis |
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Term
| What pathologies is a U wave associated with? |
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Definition
| Hypokalemia and bradycardia |
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Term
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Definition
Atrial Fib
Caused by binge EtOH drinking. Assoc w/ increased sympathetic tone and pericarditis |
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Term
| Where are the blocks with Mobitz I and Mobitz II? |
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Definition
Mobitz I = AV block
Mobitz II = His-Purkinje (no change in length of PR leading up to block) |
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Term
| What infectious agent can cause 3rd degree heart block? |
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Definition
| Lyme disease (Borrelia burgefori) |
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Term
| What local metabolites determine autoregulation of blood flow to the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is tetralogy of Fallot? |
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Definition
PROVe
Pulmonary stenosis, RVH, Overriding Aorta, VSD |
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Term
| What ST segment changes are associated w/ stable, Prinzmetal's and unstable angina? |
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Definition
Stable and unstable = STD (+ non transmural MI)
Prinzmetals = STE (+ transmural MI) |
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Term
| What defines a transmural MI? |
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Definition
| STE and Q waves (in II and aVF) |
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