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Definition
| Local atmospheric zone where the climate differs from the surrounding area. |
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| The study of how living systems influence and are conrolled by the geology and chemistry of the earth |
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| An organism that uses waste as a food source as certain insects. |
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| A complex biotic community characterized by distinctive plant and animal species and maintained under the climatic conditions of the region, especially such a community that has developed to climax. |
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Bad
No drainage
Shrinks, no air space
Weeds, diseases and pathogens |
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Definition
Good
Drainage
Air Space, no shrink
Free of contaminents |
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| Peat Moss (positive and neg) |
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Definition
Positive-Free of pathogens, decomposed ferns
Negative- Hard to re-wet; decomposes |
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| Rice Hulls (positive and neg) |
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Definition
Positive - Waste product, clean air space
Negative-Holds little water, compacts, decomposes |
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| Perlite (positve and neg) |
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Definition
Positive- Doesn't break down, pore space
Negative- Doesn't hold water, hazard |
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| Sand (Positive and Negative) |
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Definition
Positive- Cheap, no decomposition
Negative- Contaminated with pathogens |
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Definition
Positive-Holds water, K, Mg
Negative- Compresses over time |
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Definition
Native to Mexico and CA
Asexual propigation
Produces clones, duplications
Generated from the stems called adventitious roots
Hormone root inducing |
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Term
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Definition
Pencil size
3 inches long
Apical growing point in tip
Rooting poweder on basal wound, base cut
Foam propigation media, lots of air and water |
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Definition
Legend-Cause appendicitis or stomach cancer
Colonel Johnson in 1820 proved wrong "object of pity" |
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Definition
From Mexico
Maria and Pablo gave weed to church on x-mas eve.
Leaves turned bright red petals |
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Definition
| Roots, stems, buds, leaves |
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| Invisible was on leaf covering, prevents water loss and discourages insects from eating it. |
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Definition
| Are flanked on either side by guard cells that open and close the stoma according to environmental conditions |
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Definition
| Increase height and width, some photosynthetic, leaves and flowers attach. |
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Definition
| On a tree made of secondary xylem laid out in yearly layers. |
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Definition
| Produces new xylem and phloem cells to maintain or increase the transport abilities of the vascular system. |
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Definition
| Thin layer of rapidly dividing cells between xylem and phloem in the stem. |
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Definition
Above ground = crown
Carbs stored in older root system
Fleshy, adventitious, tap root |
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Definition
| Store Carbs (Sweet Potato) |
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Definition
Perfect (male and female parts)
Bisexual |
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Definition
| Attract insects and shield pistil and stamen from the weather |
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| Protect the developing flwoer bud from damage |
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| Doesn't split to release seed |
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Definition
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Definition
| It grows, produces seed and dies in one growing season |
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Definition
2 Year life cycle. Seed, rosette, dormant, bold/stalk, die.
(Cabbage or carrots) |
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Definition
| Live many years but once it flowers it dies |
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Definition
| Live more than two growing season |
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Definition
| Germination, Juvenility, Maturation, Senescence |
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Definition
Starts when seed first absorbs water and ends when primary root emerges. Then it goes through "establishment" until its independently photosynthesizing.
Water,oxygen, temperature |
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| Begin rapidly vegetatively but will not begin repro process (leaf form diff, growth, thorns, leaf retention) |
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| Respond to changes in night length |
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| Flowers when light is less than criticl photoperiod (<12 hrs) |
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Definition
| Flowers when light is more than critical photoperiod (>12 hrs) |
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Definition
| The way tha tnight length triggers flowering |
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Definition
| When vegetative meristem found at stem tips or leaf axils change to flowrer meristem that develop into blossoms. |
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Definition
| When sperm doesn't fertilize egg but it still develops with no seeds. |
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Definition
| Softening of fruit when they are broken down they normally strenghten the cell wall. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Red color of ripe strawberries and apples |
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Definition
| Aging of plants or any of its parts |
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Definition
| Dropping of leaves, flowers, fruits or toher plant parts |
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Definition
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Definition
| Storing moist seeds at tempereatures near freezing for multiple months before planting to get them to grow sooner |
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Term
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Definition
First homones discovered fruit
Promote root growth
Prevent formation
Promote juvenility |
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Term
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Definition
| second growth hormone-stem elongation, breaking dormacy, increase size of fruit, leaves or flowers |
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Term
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Definition
| Work with light to increase cell division and enlargement. Stimulate callus growth. |
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Definition
| Study of structures of cells tissue and tissue systems |
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Definition
| Unicellular, lack nucleus |
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Definition
| Unicellular, lack nucleus |
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Definition
| Have nuclei (Horticulture interest) |
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Definition
| Physical and chemical changes associated with the development and or specialization of an organism or cell |
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Definition
| Surrounds entire protoplast |
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Definition
| Most prominant cellular organell and houses the cells genetic marerial (DNA) The area oustide the nucleus is the cytoplasm which contains other organelles. When protoplast dies cell wasll is left |
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Definition
| Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Protein, pectin substances |
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Definition
| Most abundant polysaccharide |
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Term
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Definition
| When lignin (mixture of polymers of phenolicacid) hardens the cell wall making it rigid and inelastic. |
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Definition
| Cell to cell interconnections by cytoplasmic strands |
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Definition
| DNA (heterochromatin (dark) and Euchromatin (light)), RNA, proteins and water |
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Definition
| Cavities in cells that contains sap (water salt sugar and dissolved proteins) (anthocyanins for color changes) |
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Definition
| Young and actively dividing |
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Definition
| Pressure on a cell wall that is created from within the cell by the movement of water into it. |
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Definition
| Dynamic plant cell organelles can change forms |
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Definition
| Include wate products and storage products |
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Definition
| Set of cells that function together. |
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Definition
| Thick primary wall (Support system) |
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| Two walls that bend without snapping |
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Definition
| Seperates internal structures from outter absent from root tip and apical meristem. |
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| Nectar, Hydathodes (gutt), Osmophores (fragrance), Digestive (insects) |
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| Stem of grasses and bamboos usually hollow except at sollen node |
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Definition
| Lack nodes, centric layers |
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Definition
| Potato, enlarged storage organ |
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Definition
| Food manufacturer, protection, storage |
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Definition
Desert thick walled epidermis and hypodermis
leaves shed early |
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Definition
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Definition
| Glands secrete, spines or thorns, bulbs for food storage, thick epidermis, waxy, submerged have thin cuticles and cell walls |
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Definition
| leaf attachment from stem |
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Definition
Anchorage
Nutrient and water absorption
Human Synthesis |
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Definition
| Pass through air first then soil, adventitious (corn) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Wood produced by conifers |
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Definition
| Stabilizes wood and reduces warping |
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Definition
| Bark (Exterior to vasucal cambium) |
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Definition
| Allow gas exchange through opening in back |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Dev of fruit without sexual fertilization |
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Definition
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Definition
| Loss of water from plant mainly through stomata, can change by the temp of environment, without it minerals or homones wouldn't move through plant |
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Term
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Definition
Opein increase water in leave
Close limp and stomata closes less water |
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Term
| How does water move up in plant? |
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Definition
| Loss of water through stoma (dehydration)Water moves to these location by cohesion, hydrostatic pressure differential is driving force into roots. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process used to make food. Light energy, gasesos CO2 from the air to provide building units, green pigment called chlorophyll acts as catalyst and water which aids in food construction. The product is carbohydrate and oxygen. |
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Term
| Why do leaves change color? |
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Definition
| Longer nights so chlorophyll production slows down then stops and chlorophyll is destroyed. Then the caretenoids and anthocyanin that are present in the leaf slow their colors that were present. |
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Term
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Definition
| (3 carbon) Majority of crops but not as efficient that collect CO2 and use it right way, enjoy cool climate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sweet corn, Has meophyll and bundle sheath chloroplast and more efficient photosynthesis and low to zero rate of photorespiration. The first product from CO2 in C4 plants has four carbon. |
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Term
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Definition
Cacti, pineapple.
High photorespiration, open stomata at night to brin in CO2 to produc malic acid. Cactus plants can't use malic acid until morning. Malic acid is oxiddized during day to form CO2 |
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| Steps of seed germination |
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Definition
| Starts when seed absorbs water and ends when primary root emerges. 1 Uptake water, 2. Oxygen for cellular respiration 3. Temp for embryo radicle emerge. 2 times seed for germination (imbibition, lag phase, radicle emerge) |
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Definition
| 7 yrs to germinate, poisenous |
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Term
| What is soil composed of? |
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Definition
25% Air
25% water
45% mineral
5%OM |
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Term
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Definition
| The vertical section exposing a set of horizons on the wall of a pit |
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Definition
O-Organic Mater (leaves)
A-Nearest surface dominate mineral and OM
E-Intensly weather and leached, no OM
B&C-Less OM have silicate clays, iron, al oxides, gypsum, rock |
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| Physical properties for homeowners? |
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Definition
| Clay is bad because no air, its stakcable, shrinks and swells |
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Term
| How can PH affect the growth of a plant? |
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Definition
| When plant can take in nutrients they are avaliable (5.5-6.5) low is acidic, micro high and add lime (fall) high is basic, macro high and you add sulfur |
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Term
| How to correctly collect a sample? |
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Definition
Vertically - 8 inch deep
Pull many samples to get average
Air dry and package 1 quart
Submit to get tested |
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Definition
Nutrient defficiencies or too much
Personal recommendations |
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Definition
| Makes the PH go to between 5.5-6.5 so nutrients are available |
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Definition
| Partially decomposed OM, manure, food, Grass clippings |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Holds water
1-2% OM
Shrinks/swells
Doesn't decompose
Has organisms, less proe space
less grav pull
Has weeds and pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
Holds water, 90% OM
Doesn't shrink/swell
Decomposes over time
No organisms, more pore space
More grav pull
No contaminents |
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Definition
| The molecular attraction of liquids to solids such as the attraction of water to soil particles |
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Definition
| The molecular attraction of the same substances |
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Definition
| Phenomenon in which the surface of a liquid is elevated or depressed when in contact with a solid (walls, side of tube) |
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Definition
| Solvent molecules moving through partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration to equilize them. |
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Definition
| Soil to plant root because water in soil is not very salty go to the high concentration in water. In the plant there is salt so it travels through the membrane to low concentration in the water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water leaves stomata as a vapor one of the properites of water is cohesion so it travels up the xylem. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to respiration but occurs at daytime for C3 and CAM. Don't build up sugar because they using it as fast as they make it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soilless media with fine texture just for germination of seed. |
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Definition
| A method of growing plants using water fortified with nutriens as its medium. |
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Definition
| An essential element required in relatively large amounts for plant growth. |
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Definition
| An essential element required in minute quantities for plant growth. |
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Definition
| Too much of a nutrient avaliable |
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