Term
| Consider the following scenario: Homer, your coworker, is a notorious doughnut lover who has a "nose" for free food. You walk into the break room one morning to discover a box from doughnut shop that is completely empty. According to this information, what most likely happened to the doughnuts? Is this an inductive or deductive hypothesis? |
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Definition
| Given the information her, it is most likely that someone brought a box of doughnuts to share, and that Homer ate a large number of them. This hypothesis is based on inductive reasoning. |
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Term
| What is the value of a placebo in an experimental design? |
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Definition
| a placebo allows members of the control group to be treated exactly like the members of the experimental group except for only their exposure to the independent variable. |
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Term
Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?
A. all cows eat grass. B. My cow eats grass and my neighbor's cow eats grass; therefore all cows probably eat grass; C. If all cows eat grass, when I examine a random sample of all the cows in Minnesota, I will find that they all eat grass; D. Cows may or may not eat grass, depending on what type of farm they live on. |
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Definition
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Term
| A scientific hypothesis is: A. an opinion; B. a proposed explanation for an observation; C. a fact; D. easily proved true; E. an idea proposed by a scientist |
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Definition
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| How is a scientific theory different from a scientific hypothesis? |
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Definition
| It can explain a large number of observations |
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Which of the following is a prediction of the hypothesis: Eating chicken noodle soup is an effective treatment for colds?
A. People who eat chicken noodle soup have shorter colds than do people who do not eat chicken noodle soup; B. People who do not eat chicken noodle soup experience usually long and sever colds; C. Cold viruses cannot live in chicken noodle soup; People who eat chicken noodle soup feel healthier than do people who do not eat chicken noodle soup; E. Consuming chicken noodle soup causes people to sneeze. |
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Definition
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Term
| If I perform a hypothesis test in which I demonstrate that the prediction I made above is true, I have: |
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Definition
| Supported the hypothesis and not falsified the hypothesis |
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Term
| Control subjects in an experiment: |
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Definition
| Should have essentially the same interactions with the researchers as the experimental subjects |
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Term
| An experiment in which neither the participants in the experiment nor the technicians collecting the data know which individuals are in the experimental group and which ones are in the control group is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| A relationship between two factors, for instance between outside temperature and the number of people with active colds in a population, is known as a: |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary source of scientific results is |
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Definition
| articles in peer-reviewed journals |
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Term
| List the four biological molecules commonly found in living organisms. |
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Definition
| carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
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Term
| Describe the structure and function of the subcellular organelles. |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the structure of the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
| Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| dissociates into H+ and OH- ions |
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Term
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Definition
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Which of the following terms is least like the others?
A. monosaccharide, B. Phospholipid; C. Fat; D. Steroid; E. Lipid |
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Definition
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Term
| Different proteins are composed of different sequences of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins may function as: |
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Definition
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Term
| A fate molecule consists of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that: |
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Definition
| only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus |
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Term
| Define the term metabolism: |
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Definition
| all the building up and breaking down chemical reactions that occur in a cell |
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Term
| List three common cellular substances that can pass through cell membranes unaided: |
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water |
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Term
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Definition
| include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins |
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Term
| The function of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) is to: |
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Definition
| transport cholesterol from the liver |
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Term
| Which of the following is a false statement regarding enzymes? A. Enzymes are proteins that speed up metabolic reactions; B. Enzymes have specific substrates; C. Enzymes supply ATP to their substrates; D. An enzyme may be used many times. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by: |
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Definition
| binding to substrates and placing stress on their bonds. |
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Term
| A substance moving across a membrane against a concentration gradient is moving by: |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell that is placed in salty seawater will: |
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Definition
| lose water to the outside of the cell via osmosis |
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Term
| Which of the following forms of membrane transport require specific membrane proteins? A. Diffusion; B. exocytosis; C. facilitated diffusion; D. active transport; E. facilitated diffusion and active transport |
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Definition
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Term
| Water crosses cell membranes: |
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Definition
| through protein channels called aquaporins |
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Term
| What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration and photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| Reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water. Reactants of respiration are oxygen and glucose. Products of photosynthesis are oxygen and glucose. Products of respiration are carbon dioxide and water. |
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Term
| carbon dioxide functions as a greenhouse gas by: |
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Definition
| allowing radiation from the sun reach Earth and absorbing the reradiated heat |
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Term
| Water has a high heat-absorbing capacity because: |
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Definition
| initial energy inputs are used to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules and then to raise the temperature. |
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Term
| Cellular respiration involves: |
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Definition
| the synthesis of ATP, which is driven by the rushing of protons through an ATP synthase |
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Term
| The electron transport chain: |
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Definition
| is a series of nucleotides located in the inner mitochondrial membrane |
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Term
Which of the following does not occur during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A. Oxygen is split, releasing water; B. Electrons from chlorophyll are added to an electron transport chain; C. An electron transport chain drives the synthesis of ATP for use by the Calvin cycle; D. NADPH is produced and will carry electrons to the Calvin cycle; E. Oxygen is produced when water is splity |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following is a false statement about photosynthesis? A. During the Calvin Cycle, electrons and ATP from the light reactions are combined with atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce sugars; B. the enzymes of the Calving cycle are located in the chloroplast stroma; C. Oxygen produced during the Calvin cycle is released into the atmosphere; D. Sunlight drives photosynthesis by boosting electrons found in chlorophyll to a higher energy level; E. Electrons released when sunlight strikes chlorophyll are replaced by electrons from water. |
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Definition
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Term
| Select the true statement regarding metabolism in plant and animal cells. A. Plant and animal cells both perform photosynthesis and aerobic respiration; B. Animal cells perform aerobic repiration only, and plant cells perform photosynthesis only; C. Plant cells perform aerobic respiration only, and animal cells perform photosynthesis only; D. Plant cells perform aerobic respiration and photosynthesis and animal cells perform aerobic respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| Which human activity generates the most carbon dioxide? A. driving; B. cooking; C. bathing; D. using aerosol sprays |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: The products of cellular respiration are the reactants in photosynthesis. |
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Definition
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