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| A democratic republic in not based on |
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| American ideologies include |
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| Conservatism, liberalism and liberitarianism |
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| An alternative term for democratic republic is ________ |
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| An executive order represents |
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| the presidents legislative power |
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| Group opposed to the ratification of the Constitution on the grounds that it gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the states. Later became one of the first two major political parties in America Those at the Constitutional Convention who favored strong state governments and feared that a strong national government would be a threat to individual rights. |
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| Because in constitution the states have many powers that fed does not out system is called |
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| divided into two legislative bodies |
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| Bureaucracies in the private and publics sectors main difference is that |
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| Public bur do not have a single leader |
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| Bureaucratic models concept |
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Definition
Webererian-hierarchy based on rational decision making
Acquisitive-out to acquire as much stuff as possible acquisition of others things not as easy
Monopolistic-lack of competition wasteful and incompetent |
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CONGRESSIONAL ACTS
Government Sunshine Act (1976) |
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Definition
| required all agencies headed by a committee to hold their meetings regularly in a public session "open windows" not FBI, CIA, Directors |
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CONGRESSIONAL ACTS
Pendleton Act (1883) |
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Definition
result-assassination of Garfield
employment based on merit
created civil service comission |
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COURT CASE
Dred Scott v Sanford |
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Definition
Freed slave fought for freedom. Owner died, left to wife. Free state in residence.
Invalidated mo compromise. Slaves are not citizens |
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COURT CASE
Gibbons v Ogden (1824) |
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Monopolies
What is commerce-All business
Inter state ruled by fed gov
Sole national power (fed) |
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Term
COURT CASE
MARBURY V Madison (1803) |
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Definition
Judicial Review-supreme Courts ability to check congress and President
0 enforcement ability |
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Term
COURT CASE
McCulloch v Maryland (1819) |
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Definition
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank.the Court ruled that the Bank of the United States was constitutional and that the Maryland tax was unconstitutional. |
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| Checks and Balances concept |
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Definition
check for correctness
Powers held by one branch of government that allow it to limit
Branch of government charged with "executing" or implementing and enforcing the laws. another branch's exercise of its own powers, e.g. the President's ability to veto legislation. |
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| Competitive Federalism occurs when |
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Definition
| state governments decide differently how to exercise their authority |
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Term
| Congressional Leadership concept |
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Definition
Main function in theory to make laws
In theory senators are more experienced w 6 year term |
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Term
| Congressional redistricting involving gerrymandering means |
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Definition
| strange shaped districts designed to favor one party |
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Term
| Court feels obligated to decisions handed down previously it is called |
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| Theories of American Democracy include majoritarianism, elite theory and pluralism. Democracy means rule of the people. It is a system in which the political authority is vested in the people. |
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| Strong central government umbrella over all states. Authority is shared between central and member governments |
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Definition
Federalist
The name given to one who was in favor of the adoption of the U.S. Constitution and the creation of a federal union with a strong central government. |
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Term
| Government affects the life of most americans in all but the following |
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Term
| Government is the preeminent____in which decisions are made that resolve conflicts or allocate benefits |
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| The compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia Plans that created one chamber of the Congress based on population and one chamber representing each state equally; also called the Connecticut Compromise. |
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Term
| Heads of executive agencies report to |
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Term
| Important source for American law is |
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Definition
| based on common law tradition |
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Term
| In our system of checks and balances the supreme court can check congress and pres by |
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Definition
| declaring laws unconstitutional |
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Term
| In the supreme court case McCulloch v Maryland (1819)the court clearly established |
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Definition
| that the constitution is the supreme law of the land |
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Definition
| other courts to declare unconstitutional federal or state laws and other acts of government. |
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Term
| Judicial activism vs. restraint concept |
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Definition
judicial activism
A doctrine holding that the federal judiciary should take an active role by using its powers to check the activities of governmental bodies when those bodies exceed their authority.Should right policy wrongs
judicial restraint
A doctrine holding that the courts should defer to the decisions made by the elected representatives of the people in the legislative and executive branches. elected officials should work out problems |
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Term
| Minority opinion writes a |
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Definition
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Term
| One reason the founders chose a federal system is that |
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Definition
| at the time of the constitutional convention the US was already large geographically and it would have been difficult to govern from just the national capital |
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Term
| Presidential Duties concept |
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Definition
Head of state and head of government (unique) chief executive bureaucracy, scommander and chief, chief diplomat, make treaties, chief legislator.
Inherent Powers (emergency) Executive orders (Power of Legislation) Executive privilege (secrets from congress) |
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Term
| Separation of powers concept |
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Definition
| The principle of dividing governmental powers among different branches of government. |
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Term
| Strict v. broad construction concept |
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Definition
broad construction
A judicial philosophy that looks to the context and purpose of a law when making an interpretation.Justices should use context & intent to make a decision
strict construction
A judicial philosophy that looks to the “letter of the law” when interpreting the Constitution or a particular statute. Should only use the words in questions to make decision |
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Term
| Supremacy Doctrine concept |
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Definition
| A doctrine that asserts the priority of national law over state laws. This principle is stated in Article VI of the Constitution, which provides that the Constitution, the laws passed by the national government under its constitutional powers, and all treaties constitute the supreme law of the land. |
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Term
| Term to replace liberalism in current america |
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Definition
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Term
| The constitution denies a number of powers to ntl gvt, these are called |
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Term
| The enumerated powers of the national government do not include |
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Definition
| the creation of a national school system |
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Term
| The powers of the national government greatly increase during |
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Definition
| The period of the great depression and Roosevelt's New Deal |
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Term
| The united states has the following system of government |
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Definition
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Term
| Theme of American politics in 21st century |
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Definition
| Controversies on the proper size of government |
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Term
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Definition
Enumerated (expressed)-explicitly designated
Implied (state cannot override)
Inherent (international law, sovereign entity to do what is necessary)
Concurrent-national and state
Prohibited (not granted to fed then denied) |
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Term
| Under _____ property consists not only of personal possessions by of wealth creating assets |
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Term
| Upon impeach president is tried by |
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Definition
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Term
| Various kinds of equality are possible. Most controversial _____ |
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Term
| When a justice believes in ______ she will look into the letter of the law |
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Definition
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Term
| When authority is broadly accepted we say it has_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| When both the national government and the state government share certain powers, we call them: |
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Term
| When citizens themselves meet to establish laws the gvt system is known as ____ |
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Term
| When gvt protects the people from violence of foreign armies and domestic criminals it is enforcing___ |
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Term
| When no branch of gvt is able to dominate others we call this____ |
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Definition
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Term
| When supreme court examines the validity of a law it is engaging in |
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Definition
| Judicial review for constitutionality |
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Term
| When the US supreme court wishes to review a case it will issue a_____ |
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Term
| When the federal (national) government sends dollars to state governments, those funds: |
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Definition
| come with many "strings" attached |
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Term
| _______theory describes our democratic system in terms of competition among groups |
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Definition
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Term
| _____committee has the power to decide which legislation will reach the floor |
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Definition
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Term
| ____committees are permanent bodies that are established by the rules of each chamber of congress |
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Definition
| to declare that a court ruling is valid and must stand |
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Definition
| A brief (a document containing a legal argument supporting a desired outcome in a particular case) filed by a third party, or amicus curiae (Latin for “friend of the court”), who is not directly involved in the litigation but who has an interest in the outcome of the case |
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Definition
| Allotment of specific dollar amounts for specific programs or purposes. The process of assigning the 435 seats in the House to the states based on increases or decreases in state population. |
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Definition
| The right and power of a government or other entity to enforce its decisions |
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Definition
The system of having two chambers within one legislative body, like the House and Senate in the U.S. Congress.
Term describing a legislative branch that is divided into two houses, such as the United States Congress which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. |
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Definition
| state or local government for a general functional area, such as criminal justice or mental-health programs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The system of civil servants and political a uppointees who implement congressional or presidential decisions; also knowhun as the administrative state. BUREAUCRACY PART OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH. |
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Definition
| An economic system characterized by the private ownership of wealthcreating assets, free markets, and freedom of contract Economic system in which goods and services are produced, exchanged and owned by individuals with minimal governmental regulation |
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Definition
| A federal grant to a state or local government for a specific program or project. |
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Term
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Definition
| Those personal freedoms, including freedom of religion and freedom of speech, that are protected for all individuals. The civil liberties set forth in the U.S. Constitution, as amended, restrain the government from taking certain actions against individuals. |
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Definition
| The section of the Constitution in which Congress is given the power to regulate trade among the states and with foreign countries. |
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Definition
| Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing custom. Decisions were applied to similar situations and gradually became common to the nation. us is, england even more |
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Definition
| A separate opinion prepared by a judge who supports the decision of the majority of the court but who wants to make or clarify a particular point or to voice disapproval of the grounds on which the decision was made. |
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Definition
| A set of beliefs that includes a limited role for the national government in helping individuals, support for traditional ideals and life choices, and a cautious response to change.One side of the ideological spectrum defined by support for lower taxes, a free market, and a more limited government; generally associated with Republicans. |
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Definition
| The formal acknowledgement of a foreign government as legitimate |
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Definition
A system of government in which political decisions are made by the people directly, rather than by their elected representatives; probably attained most easily in small political communities.
System or process that depends on the voice of the people (and not representatives), usually through referendums or initiatives, to make public policy decisions. |
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| A perspective holding that society is ruled by a small number of people who exercise power to further their self-interests. |
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Definition
| A statute enacted by congress that authorizes the creation of an administrative agency and specifies the name, purpose, composition, functions and powers of the agency being created |
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Definition
| As a political value, the idea that all people are of equal worth. |
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Definition
| An international agreement made by the president, without senatorial ratification, with the head of a foreign state. |
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Definition
| The right of executive officials to withhold information from or to refuse to appear before a legislative committee. |
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Definition
| cannot take care of the basic needs of its people ie north korea |
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Definition
| The division of power across the local, state, and national levels of government. |
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Definition
| .The use of the Senate’s tradition of unlimited debate as a delaying tactic to block a bill. |
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Definition
| A policy that enables members of Congress to send material through the mail by substituting their facsimile signature (frank) for postage. |
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Definition
| The drawing of legislative district boundary lines for the purpose of obtaining partisan or factional advantage. A district is said to be gerrymandered when its shape is manipulated by the dominant party to maximize electoral strength at the expense of the minority party. |
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Definition
| An institution that makes decisions for society |
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Definition
| An action by the House of Representatives to accuse the president, vice president, or other civil officers of the United States of committing “Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.” |
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Definition
| An ongoing organization that provides certain functions for society |
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Definition
| the three way alliance among legislators, bureaucrats and interests groups to make or preserve policies that benefit their special interests |
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Definition
| The authority of a court to decide certain cases. Not all courts have the authority to decide all cases. Where a case arises and what its subject matter is are two jurisdictional issues. |
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Definition
| Popular acceptance of the right and power of a government or other entity to exercise authority. |
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Definition
| Classical liberalism is based on the notion that individuals are the sole legitimate source of governmental authority. Modern day liberalism rests on the positive use of government to promote individual rights and equality. |
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Definition
| The greatest freedom of the individual that is consistent with the freedom of other individuals in the society. |
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Definition
| A government with powers that are limited either through a written document or through widely shared beliefs.A political system in which the powers of the government are restricted to prevent tyranny by protecting property and individual rights. |
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Definition
| A political theory holding that, in a democracy, the government ought to do what the majority of the people want. |
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Definition
| A court opinion reflecting the views of the majority of the judges |
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Definition
| 50+1 A basic principle of democracy asserting that the greatest number of citizens in any political unit should select officials and determine policies. |
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Definition
| An opinion in which justices disagree with the legal reasoning of the majority |
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Definition
| Rights held to be inherent in natural law, not dependent on governments. John Locke stated that natural law, being superior to human law, specifies certain rights of “life, liberty, and property.” These rights, altered to become “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,” are asserted in the Declaration of Independence. |
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Term
| one of the way a president expands his powers is through |
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Definition
| A state of peace and security. Maintaining order by protecting members of society from violence and criminal activity is one of the oldest purposes of government. |
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Definition
| A theory that views politics as a conflict among interest groups. Political decision making is characterized by compromise and accommodation.The idea that having a variety of parties and interests within a government will strengthen the system, ensuring that no group possesses total control |
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Definition
| The authority to legislate for the protection of the health, morals, safety, and welfare of the people. In the United States, most police power is reserved to the states. |
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Definition
| a set of beliefs bout people and government |
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Definition
(left)Jane Fonda-communists-socialists-liberals-democrats (Center)moderate(Center)GOP-conservatives-libertarians-fascism-rush Limbaugh (right)
Political socialization and political ideologies |
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Definition
| The process of resolving conflicts and deciding “who gets what, when, and how.” More specifically, politics is the struggle over power or influence within organizations or informal groups that can grant benefits or privileges. The process that determines what government does. |
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Definition
| A court rule bearing on subsequent legal decisions in similar cases. Judges rely on precedents in deciding cases. "Stare decisis" to stand on the decision |
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Definition
Formal approval. state legislators 3/4 vote
state convention 3/4 vote |
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Definition
| The allocation of seats in the House of Representatives to each state after each census. |
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Definition
| The redrawing of the boundaries of the congressional districts within each state. |
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Definition
| To send a case back to the court that originally heard it. |
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Definition
| A form of government in which representatives elected by the people |
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Definition
| To annul, or make void, a court ruling on account of some error or irregularity |
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Definition
| the awarding of government jobs to political supporters and friends |
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Definition
| An advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions. The cabinet includes the heads of fifteen executive departments and others named by the president. |
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Term
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Definition
| An annual message to Congress in which the president proposes a legislative program. The message is addressed not only to Congress but also to the American people and to the world |
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Term
| the doctrine of __________ rests on the conviction that the fed judiciary should actively use powers to ck the laws passed |
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Definition
Oversight is how congress follows up thru
Standing committees (permanent)
Select Committees (specific time and purpose) Joint committees (both houses)
Conference Committees (bill reconciliation) |
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| A Court opinion or determination on which all judges agree. |
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Definition
| The right of all adults to vote for their government representatives. |
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Definition
| Latin for "I forbid." The Constitution authorizes the President to reject any bill passed by both houses of Congress if he disapproves of it for any reason. See also line item veto and pocket veto. See Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution. |
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Definition
| (expressed)explicitly designated |
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Definition
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| international law, Sovereign law to do what is necessary |
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Definition
| national and state laws together |
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Definition
Not granted to federal Government
Denied to fed |
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