Term
| Functions of Respiratory System |
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Definition
Primary function: gas exchange.
-The exchange of CO2 and O2 between the environment and the blood.Regulation of blood pH.
-Air-conditioning.
-Protection.
-Voice production.
-Olfaction. |
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Term
| Overall structure of Respiratory System is divided in 2 parts: |
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Definition
1. Conducting airways:
-Upper = Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx
-Lower = Trachea, Bronchi ,Bronchioles
2-/ Gas exchange airways
Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs |
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Term
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Definition
• Primary gas-exchange units
• 25-300 million in number |
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Term
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Definition
-Dense network of fibers
-Dense network of capillaries
-Type I Pneumocytes
Simple squamous cells
-Type 2 pneumocyte
Low cuboidal type cells
A reserve cell
Source of surfactant
-Macrophage
Remove foreign materials
-Pores of Kohn |
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Term
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Definition
The deep lymphatic capillaries begin at the level of the terminalbronchioles, there are no lymphatic structures in the acinus.
The superficial lymphatic capillaries drain the membrane that
surrounds the lungs
Keep the lung free of fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Respiratory centers control breath rate and depth
Autonomic nervous system affects rate and depth through smooth musclecontraction/relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
| Vagus nerve connects smooth muscle cells.Stimulation constricts the airways by releasing acetylcholine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulation causes release of catecholamine, whichinduces bronchodilation. |
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Term
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Definition
The lungs are housed in thethoracic cavity
– Forces for lung inflation is
supplied by the muscles of
respiration |
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Term
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Definition
– Serous membrane
– Parietal and visceral layers– Pleural space (cavity) |
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Term
| The Respiratory Defense System :- Removes particles and pathogens |
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Definition
Filtration in nasal cavity removes large particles.
– Cilia sweep debris trapped in mucus toward the pharynx (mucus escalator).
– Goblet cells and mucous glands produce mucus that
bathes exposed surfaces.
– Alveolar macrophages engulf small particles that reach
lungs. |
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