Term
| Bonds between antigen and antibody |
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Definition
| multiple and non-covalent |
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Term
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Definition
| a small molecule that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one that also does not elicit an immune response by itself |
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Term
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Definition
| an agent that may stimulate the immune system and increase the response to a vaccine, without having any specific antigenic effect in itself |
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Term
| What types of cells are directly involved in eradicating the virally infected cells? |
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Definition
| Cytotoxic T cells and Natural Killer cells |
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Term
| T cell Markers (no co-receptors or co-stimulatory) |
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Definition
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Term
| B cell Markers ( no co-receptors no co-stimulatory) |
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Definition
| IgM/IgD, CR, FcR, MHC Class II, CD20 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
CD28 (binds to CD80 or B7.1)
CTLA 4 (binds to CD80/CD86)
CD40 (on B cells and dendritic cells)
CD40L (on T cells and B cells) |
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Term
| Ig Molecule, heavy chain desginations: Greek vs. English |
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Definition
IgA = alpha, α
IgD = delta, δ
IgE = epsilon, ε
IgG = gamma, γ
IgM = mu, μ
Light chains are kappa (κ) or lambda (λ) |
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Term
| In NK cells, the cytotoxic granule formation is constitutive or inflammation-induced? |
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Definition
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Term
| Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) |
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Definition
| Fc (gamma) receptor on NK cells bind to IgG on pathogen and induce degranulation which kills pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| antigen-binding fragment. The actual portions of an antibody molecule that have a shape corresponding to that of an epitope of an antigen. The amino acid sequences of the Fab region are hypervariable. |
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Term
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Definition
| constant fragment. The portion of an antibody molecule, which carries out the biological activities of that class of antibody. The amino acid sequence of the Fc portion of an antibody is the same for every antibody in that class |
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Term
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Definition
| The Fc receptors bind to antibodies that are attached to the infected cell and stimulate macrophages when they attach. When immunoglobulin is attached, it plays the role of a ligand. In ADCC FcγR receptors on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells stimulate the NK cells to release cytotoxic molecules from their granules to kill antibody-covered target cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Th-1 produces INF gamma which activates macrophages and B cells to secrerte opsonization antibodies to coat the intracellular bacteria in cellular immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| Th-2 produces IL-4 which activates B cells to secrete antibodies and neutralize the extracellular pathogenin humoral immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| the response the occurs the first time a harmful antigen is encountered |
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Term
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Definition
| is a much quicker and more effective response to an already encoutered antigen |
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Term
| antibody produced during primary response |
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Definition
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Term
| antibody produced during secondary response |
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Definition
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Term
| Beginning stages of Primary response |
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Definition
| there are no antigen-specific antibodies, because the immune response is based on general phagocytosis of the pathogen and inflammation |
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Term
| Late stages of primary response |
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Definition
| after antibody specific (Adaptive) immunity recognizes the pathogen and mounts a respone, those antibodies stay around and provide protection against infection |
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Term
| beginning stages of secondary response |
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Definition
| antibody specific (Adaptive) immunity recognizes the pathogen and mounts a respone, those antibodies stay around and provide protection against infection |
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Term
| late stages of secondary response |
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Definition
| pathogens are eliminated through combined actions of specific antibody and innate immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-E, HLA-F & HLA-G |
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Term
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Definition
| HLA-DM, HLA-DO, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR |
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Term
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Definition
| • Made up of one membrane bound α chain, and a noncovalently bonded β2 microgloulin. The heavy chain has three domain, two of which form the peptide binding site. |
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Term
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Definition
| • Made up of two membrane bound chains, α and β. The domains from those chains form the peptide binding site |
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Term
| Complement proteins of the Classical pathway |
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Definition
| C-reactive protein, C1, C1s, C4, C2, C4bC2a (C3 convertase), C3, C4bC2aC3b (c5 convertase), C5 |
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Term
| Complement proteins of the Alternative pathway |
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Definition
| C3b, factor B and factor D, C3bBb (C3 convertase) |
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Term
| Complement proteins of the Lactin pathway |
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Definition
| MBL containing 2 MASPI and 2 MASPII, C4bC2b (C3 convertase) |
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Term
| Plasma cells orginate from which hematopoeitc line? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MHC class II expressed on |
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Definition
| most hematopoietic cells, microglia and epthielial stem cells |
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Term
| istoype switching occurs in which organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| isotype switching occurs on which cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which immunoglobulins are found in the blood? |
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Definition
| IgG, IgM and monomeric IgA |
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Term
| which immunoglobulins are found in the extracellular fluids? |
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Definition
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Term
| which immunoglobulins are found in the secretions? |
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Definition
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Term
| which immunoglobulins are found in the connective tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which immunoglobuin predominates in newborns? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which immunoglobuins found in primary immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which immunoglobuins found in secondary immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary vs. Secondary response |
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Definition
| If an antigen reoccurs, the secondary response occurs. This respronse only takes hours to begin and peaks within a few days. The pathogen is removed before it has a chance to infect due to the memory cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference in strength of antigens depending on (1) chemical structure/composition and (2) density of epitopes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| two functions of chemokines |
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Definition
| (1) inflammatory (induced by inflammatory signals) and (2) homeostatic (always expressed) |
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Term
| First signal required for T cell activation? |
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Definition
| TCR with MHC/Antigen complex |
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Term
| Second signal required for T cell activation? |
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Definition
| CD28 (receptor on T cell) with B7.1 or B7.2 (its corresponding ligands on DCs) |
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Term
| First signal required for supression of T cells? |
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Definition
| TCR with MHC/Antigen complex |
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Term
| Second signal required for supression of T cells? |
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Definition
| CTLA-4 (receptor on T cell) with B7.1 or B7.2 (its corresponding ligands on DCs) |
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Term
| How is anergy induced in T cells? |
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Definition
| by T cells binding with antigen presenting self antigen cells, without a costimulatory molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| any cell-mediated antigen specific adaptive immunity response which utlizes antigen specific T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| antigen specific antibody mediated response |
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Term
| role of IL-2 in T cell proliferation |
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Definition
| IL-2 is secreted by the orginal naive T cell which has become activated by an antigen presenting cell. IL-2 activates other T cells without the duel signaling process |
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Term
| Three outcomes of opsonization |
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Definition
| increased inflammaton, membrane attack complex or phagocytosis |
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Term
| Functions of each of the 8 chains of the T cell receptor? |
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Definition
| The alpha and beta chains are antigen recognizers. The CD3 receptors stabilze and the zeta chains transmit the signal |
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