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| General characteristics of fungi |
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Definition
- Eukaryotic
- Heterotrophic (feeds on others, absorbs carbon & nitrogen from the environment)
- Osmotrophic: Digestion outside of their bodies.
- Body made of hyphae (many but not all)
- Cell walls made of chitin
- Reproduce by spores (asexual or sexual)
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Term
| 3 General groups of fungi: |
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Definition
- Fleshy fungi
- molds
- yeasts
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Term
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Definition
- Thallus - Body of a mold or fleshy fungus.
- Hyphae - Long fillaments of cells joined together.
- Hyphae (septate vs. coenocytic)
- Septate = one-nucleus cell like units
- Coenocytic = lack septa(no division w/i cell & many nuclei.
- Mycelium - Hyphae grow to form a filamentous mass.
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Term
| Vegetative vs. aerial hyphae |
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Definition
- Vegetative - portion of hyphae that obtains nutrients, underground.
- Aerial - portion concerned with reproduction, above the ground.
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Term
| Difference b/t asexual & sexual spores. |
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Definition
- Sexual spores - result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains.
- Fungi produce sexual spores less frequently.
- Asexual spores - produces by an individual fungus thru mitosis.
- No fusion of the nuclei of cells.
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Term
| How is a sexual spore formed? |
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Definition
3 phases:
1. Plamogamy: A haploid nucleus of a donor cell(+) penetrates the cytoplasm of a recipient cell(-).
2. Karyogamy: The (+) and (-) nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote nucleus.
3. Meiosis: The diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid nuclei (sexual spores), some of which may be genetic recombinants, (produce haploid cells again.)
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Term
| Difference b/t two types of asexual spores. |
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Definition
- Conidiospores - Look like beads on a string.
Conidiophores: Hypha that produce conidiospores.
- Sporangiospores - Sac like clusters.
Sporangiophores: Hypha that produce sprangiospores.
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Term
| Asexual vs. sexual phases of the life cycle of a fungus |
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Definition
Asexual 1-4
- Aerial hypha produces a sporangium (cluster pop).
- Sporangium bursts to release spores.
- Spore germinate to produce hyphae.
- Vegetative mycellium grows.
Sexual 5-11
5. Gamete forms at tip of hypha
6. Plasmogamy
7. Zygospore forms
8. Karyogamy and meiosis
9. Zygote produces a sporangium (cluster pop)
10. Spores are released from sporangium.
11. Spore germinates to produce hyphae.
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Term
Characteristics & Name of the asexual spore for;
Phyla Zygomycota |
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Definition
- Osmotrophic (digestion outside of their bodies) mold that have coenocytic hyphae (no septa, continuous cell, many nuclei).
- Name: Rhizopus
- Asexual spore of rhizopus are sporangiospores ( sac like clusters)
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Term
Characteristics & names of asexual spores for;
phyla Ascomycota |
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Definition
- Molds with septate hyphae (one-nucleus cell like units)
- Asexual spores are Conidia produced in long chains from the conidiophore.
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Term
Characteristics & names of asexual spores for;
phyla Basidiomycota
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Definition
- Also called club fungi
- Asexual spores are basidiospores formed on a base pedestal called basidium. There are usually for basidiospores per basidium.
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Term
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Definition
- Produce both sexual and asexual spores.
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Definition
- Some ascomycetes have lost the ability to reproduce sexually, these asexual fungi are anamorphs.
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Term
| Characteristics of yeast. |
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Definition
- Nonfilamentous
- Unicellular fungi
- spherical in shape.
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Term
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Definition
- A disease that is caused by a fungus.
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Term
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Definition
Caused by H. capsulatum; occurs around Mississippi River and Ohio River in U.S., reservoirs include bird and bat feces. |
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Definition
Also called Valley Fever; symtoms resemble tuberculosis; reservoir is soil. |
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Caused by P. jiroveci; sometimes found in healthy human lungs (the reservoir); indicator for AIDS. |
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Respiratory disease in immunosuppressed individuals; caused by spores from A. fumigates in decaying vegetation. |
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Ringworm of the groin (jock itch); caused by dermatophytes such as Epidermophyton. |
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Ringworm of the scalp; caused by dermatophytes such as Mycrosporum.
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Ringworm of the feet; caused by dermatophytes such as Epidermophyton.
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Overgrowth in newborns as thrush and immunosuppressed individuals are prone to infections of skin & mucous membrane; caused by Candida albicans and others
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Fungi that colonize the hair, nails, and the outer layer of the epidermis. |
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Definition
- Toxins produced by fungi.
- Phalloidin and amanitin
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Caused by Claviceps purpurea; grows on grains. Toxins produced by fungus, contained in sclerotia
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Peanutbutter is recalled b/c of excessive amounts of aflatoxin. Produced by the growth of the mold Aspergillus flavus.
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