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Definition
| sound produced by complete obstruction of airflow followed by slight release of the articulators, allowing frication. Begins as a stop and releases secondarily as a fricative. /tS,d3/ |
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| sound produced by bringing both lips close together /p,b,m,w,w/ |
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| sound made by performing a nearly complete obstruction of the air stream so that when air passes through the small passage, turbulent airflow (frication) is produced. /f,v,th,th,s,z,S,3,h/ |
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| sound produced by making contact between lower lip and upper teeth. /f,v/ |
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| sound produced by making a complete obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity and by lowering the velum to allow air to pass through the nasal cavity. /m,n,n/ |
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| sound made by raising the body of the tounge toward the hard palate. /S,tS,3,d3,j/ |
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| sound (usually voiced) produced with a relatively open passage of airflow. Nasals, liquids, glides and vowels. |
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| have a more extreme position of the tongue or lips, longer in duration than vowels that are lax. |
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Definition
| less extreme position of the tongue or lips, shorter in duration than tense vowels |
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| experimental method that displays the contact from a single articulatory gesture between the tongue and the hard palate |
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Definition
| experimental method that tracks the contacts and contact patterns between the tongue and the hard palate over time with a computer |
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Definition
| one of a set of nondistinct realizations of the same phoneme |
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| In phonology, a process by which the sound present in the phonemic form (or underlying form) is removed from the phonetic form in certain environments. |
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Definition
| Phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonemic (underlying) form is added to the phonetic form. |
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Definition
| Consonant sound produced by an obstruction of airflow that is less narrow than that of stops or fricatives, but more narrow han that of glides. |
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| Group of sounds in a language that satisfy a given description to the exclusion of other sound in that language. |
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Definition
| A class of speech sounds identified by a native speaker as the same sound; a mental entity (or category) related to various allophones by phonological rules. Written between slashes. |
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Definition
| Sound produced by completely obstructing the airstream in the oral cavity and then quickly releasing the constriction to let air escape. Made with the velum raised so that no air escapes through the nose, unlike a nasal. /p,b,t,d,k,g,glottal stop/ |
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Definition
| Sound produced by raising the back of the tongue toward the velum. |
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| Term used to refer to sounds produced by raising the front of the tongue toward the alveolar ridge. |
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Definition
| A complex vowel, composed of a sequence of two different configurations of the vocal organs. |
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| Sound produced with a constriction in the vocal tract that is only slightly more constricted than that for vowels. A semi-vowel. |
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| Sound produced by positioning the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower teeth. |
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| Two words that differ only by a single sound in the same position that have different meaning. |
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| Similar to a minimal pair, but whereas the words in a minimal pair are identical apart from the contrastive sounds, the words are almost identical, apart from the contrastive sounds. |
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Definition
| Part of a syllable consisting of a nucleus and a usually but not always a coda. |
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Definition
| Within a syllable, the consonant or sequence of consonants that follows the nucleus. |
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Definition
| Folds of muscle in the larynx responsible for creating voiced sounds when they vibrate. |
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| a puff of air that follows the release of a consonant when there is a delay in the onset of voicing. Symbolized by superscript h. |
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| Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinctionin the meaning of their respective words. |
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Definition
| Sounds produced at the glottis. |
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Definition
| Commonly refers to the pattern of pitch movements across a stretch of speech such as a sentence. The meaning of the sentence can depend in part on the _ contour of the sentence. |
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| Pitch at which the syllable of a word is produced; can make a difference in meaning. |
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Definition
| A simple vowel, composed of a single configuration of the vocal organs. |
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Definition
| A natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off. Stops, fricatives and affricates. |
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Definition
| Within a syllable, the consonant or sequence of consonants that precedes the nucleus. You do not have to have an _. |
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Definition
| sounds made with the vocal cords vibrating |
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Definition
| sounds made without the vocal folds vibrating |
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Term
| basic (elsewhere) allophone |
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Definition
| The allophone of a phoneme that is used when none of the change-inducing conditions are fulfilled. Of a set of allophones , it is generally least limited as to where it can occur. |
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Definition
| The allophone of a phoneme that appears in a more limited set of phonetic environments. |
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Term
| complementary distribution |
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Definition
| The occurence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment. Allophones of the same phoneme. |
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Definition
| The occurence of sounds in a language such that their use distinguishes between the meanings of the words in which they appear, indicating that those sounds are phonemes of the language in question. Allophone of different phonemes. |
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Term
| High Amplitude Sucking (HAS) |
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Definition
| Experimental technique used to study sound discrimination in infants from birth to about six months. Infants are given a special pacifier that is connected to a sound generating system. Each suck on the pacifier generates a noise, and the infant's sucking behaivor is used to draw conclusions about discrimination abilities. |
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Definition
| An experimental method used on infants in which head turns are used to gage interest and therefore sound discrimination ability. |
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Definition
| a phase in child language aquisition during which the child produces meaningless sequences of consonants and vowels. Generally begins around the age of six months. |
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Definition
| The continuous repetition of sequences of vowels and consonants like [mamamama] by infants. |
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Definition
| Speech used by parents or caregivers when communicating with young children or infants. In many Western societies, _ is slow and high-pitched and has many repetitions, simplified syntax, exaggerated intonation, and a simple and concrete vocabulary. |
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