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| the process of cultural and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures |
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| company creates products and services so that they can sell it to as many customers as possible |
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| a limitation and exception to the exclusive right granted by copyright law to the author of a creative work |
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| a legal term for a common law defense in defamation cases |
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| Something that gives a publisher exclusive rights |
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| legislation designed to provide a news reporter with the right to refuse to testify as to information and/or sources of information obtained during the news gathering and dissemination process. |
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| a written statement in which a plaintiff in certain courts sets forth the cause of action or the relief sought |
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| Spoken defamation of character |
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| censorship imposed, usually by a government, on expression before the expression actually takes place |
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| Breaking in to do something |
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| an FTC enhancement mechanism |
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| a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity |
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| response to consumer activism |
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| First major overhaul of communication laws in more than 60 years |
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assess media coverage; study competitors; current
“climate” surrounding organization) |
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focus groups/interviews/
ethnography, (qualitative); surveys/polls (quantitative) |
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| governmental “open records” for all; not just reporters) |
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| Sites like Yahoo or Google News |
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| (6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.) |
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| A public official who acts as an impartial intermediary between the public and government or bureaucracy |
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- Editorial advertising protected by First Amendment
- Even false statements may be protected if they concern
public official’s public conduct
- Statements must be made with actual malice |
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| Research-Action-Communication-Evaluation |
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Strong trend in PR in recent years
-Set observable and measurable goals, and allocate resources to achieve those goals |
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Growth from P.T. Barnum (Tom Thumb/
Jenny Lind; circus) to Lee/Bernays
(propaganda) to newer, feedback-based
models of persuasion |
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| investigative reporting (Standard Oil practices exposed; Ida Tarbell); Upton Sinclair/The Jungle; meat-inspection and Food and Drug acts in 1906; tax reform) |
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| government gets more power to access email/phone records (track terrorists, but also eavesdrop on reporters) |
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| FCC doesn't control internet. |
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| refers to any inequalities between groups, broadly construed, in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of information and communication |
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| a paper that even in its earliest forms mixed dry news stories with more sensational ones |
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| (Reader’s Digest); world’s most popular/’80s |
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| People that read magazines at doctors office and other places |
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(airlines, hotels); no revenue
from sales |
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| Magazines before and during penny press era |
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| Appealed to mass audiences |
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Interdependence
Journalists rely on PR practitioners for information
used in creating news reports.
PR raids news media’s workforces for talent.
PR sometimes views reporters as lazy.
Skepticism about PR practices
PR accused of undermining facts and blocking
reporters’ access to clients.
PR accused of presenting publicity as news. |
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| Magazines in a democratic society |
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-Today’s magazines no longer foster strong sense of national identity.
-Dependence on advertising revenue makes some publications view readers as consumers first.
-Controversial content is often purged from magazines to satisfy advertisers, corporations.
-Niche magazines still offer alternatives.
-At their best, magazines continue to inspire lively discussion among readers. |
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| 4 defining features of magazines |
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Definition
-Attract specialized audiences (AARP, Maxim)
-In tune with social/economic/cultural trends
-Can influence social trends (Am. Revolution; Playboy and sexual revolution, Ms. and women's movement)
-Convenient portable format |
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| (1860s) – suffocation; most susceptible person protected |
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| 1957) – "prurient" interest; incite lust/lewd |
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Required broadcasters to seek out, and
make good faith effort to present, opposing viewpoints on matters of public importance |
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-Defamation/Harm
-Identification (not necessarily by name)
-Publication
-Media at fault
-Statement was false |
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| Traits of magazine readers |
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Definition
85% of US adults read at least one magazine per month
-Adults look through an average of 10
magazines per month
Readers more educated and more affluent than non-readers
Readers tend to be "joiners" (religious, scientific, professional organizations) |
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| 4 interpretations of free expression |
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| Authoritarian, State, Social responsibility, libertarian. |
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| Why magazines boomed in Industrial Revolution |
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-More resources; improved printing
-Postal Act of 1879 (cheaper mail)
-Magazines/mass audience |
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