Term
List the 3 elements of baseline logic?
A. Replication, Prediction, Verification
B. Replication, MultipleElement, Verification
C. Verification, Replication, Completion
D. All of the above |
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Definition
| A. Replication, Prediction, Verification |
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Term
This type of experimental design assigns participants to either an experimental or a control group?
A. Group Design
B. Single Case Design
C. Multi Design
D. None of the Above. |
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Definition
A. Group Design
An experimental design that randomly assigns subjects to experimental and control groups. Researchers pretest apply the independent variables to the experimental group, and posttest the results, comparing the data from both groups. |
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Term
In this type of design, the participant acts as their own control?
A. Group Design
B. Single Case Design
C. Multi Design
D. None of the Above. |
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Definition
B. Single Case Design
A type of experimental design in which each participant serves as their own control and the effects of treatment are compared to the participant's own behavior data.
Determinants of an intervention are effective for an individual. |
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Term
What are the four Types of baseline data patterns?
A.Ascending, Descending, Variable, Stable.
B. External, Internal, Reversal, Irreversibility.
C. All of the Above. |
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Definition
| A. Ascending, Descending, Variable, Stable. |
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Term
This response pattern is described as having minor variations over a period of time?
A. Steady State Responding
B. Scalop Responding
C. More Steady state responding
D. None of the above. |
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Definition
| A. Steady State responding. |
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Term
In this type of experimental analysis, the effects of the IV's presence and absence are compared?
A.Comparative Analysis
B. Parametric
C. Component Analysis
D. Non-Parametric Analysis |
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Definition
D. Non-Parametric Analysis
A type of experiment in which the IV is presented and withdrawn, and the effects of both conditions on the DV are compared. The effects can be analyzed using a reversal design. |
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Term
This type of analysis directly compares independent components that are not presented together as part of a treatment package.
A.Comparative Analysis
B. Parametric
C. Component Analysis
D. None of the Above |
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Definition
A. Comparative Analysis.
A study that compares two or more IVS to assess which IV is most effective. Directly compares independent treatments that are not presented together as part of treatment packages. |
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Term
This is when a behavior is unable to return to its baseline levels.
A. Reversibility
B. Irreversibility
C. Sequence Effect
D. None of the Above |
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Definition
B. Irreversibility
A type of experiment in which the IV is presented and withdrawn, and the effects of both conditions on the DV are compared. The effects can be analyzed using a reversal design. |
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Term
This is the degree to which the results of a study can be generalized to other subject settings and. behaviors?
A. Internal Validity
B. External. Validity
C. Interim Validity
D. Experimental Validity |
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Definition
B. External Validity
The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other settings, behaviors of subjects.
Think: Generalizability of an experiment, Relies on Replication |
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Term
This term describes the extent to which an experiment shows convincingly that the changes in a behavior are a function of the IV and not the result of uncontrolled or unknown variables>
A.External Validity
B. Interim Validity
C. Internal Validity
D.Experimental Validity |
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Definition
C. Internal Validity
The extent to which an experiment strongly shows that changes in behavior are a direct result of the independent variable (IV) and not the result of some other uncontrolled/unknown variables.
THINK: Experiment Control, |
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Term
Removing an effective IV an ethical concern with this experimental design?
A. Multielement
B. Multiple Baseline
C.Reversal Design
D. Changing Criterion Design |
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Definition
C. Reversal Design
A single-case design is used to demonstrate the effects of an independent variable by systematically introducing and withdrawing the independent variable and observing the changes in the target behavior. With each successful reversal functional relation is strengthened. Most Powerful Design. Returning to baseline provides maintenance information. The more the better. |
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Term
Treatment Intervention Experimental Variable. An aspect of the environment that is manipulated to assess the effects on the target behavior.
A. Independent Variable
B. Dependent Variable
C. Variable
D. Confounding Variable |
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Definition
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Term
The target behavior of interest is being measured in an experiment. Sensitive to the Manipulation.
A. Independent Variable
B. Dependent Variable
C. Variable
D. Confounding Variable |
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Definition
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Term
All features of the environmental setting other than the independent and dependent variables.
A. Extraneous Variable
B. Confounding Variable
C.Both A and B
D.Variable |
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Definition
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Term
This is an exact replication of a previous study, except that different participants are used.
A.Intrasubject
B.Intersubject
C.Direct Replication
D. Replication |
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Definition
B.Intersubject
Think: Same treatment, different participants.
For data to be meaningful, Participants must be similar in relevant characteristics (e.g., skill, level, age, diagnosis, etc.) |
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Term
This is an exact replication of a previous study, including the participants used, which strengthens the reliability of a functional relation.
A.Intrasubject
B.Intersubject
C.Direct Replication
D. Replication |
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Definition
A.Intrasubject
Think: Everything is the same, the treatment and the participants, |
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Term
Researchers intentionally change one or more features of a prior experiment, such as Participant demographics, setting aspects of the IV, and DV, etc.
A.Intrasubject
B.Intersubject
C.Direct Replication
D. Systematic Replication |
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Definition
D. Systematic Replication
Think: Repeating the study, but something must be different. Demonstrates the reliability of the original experiment and confirms external validity. |
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Term
EX. A researcher observed each subject’s preference for completing a task under positive or negative reinforcement conditions as the researchers repeatedly altered the response rate requirements. What type of analysis did the researcher perform?
A. Experimental
B. Functional
C.Descriptive
D. Correlational |
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Definition
A. Experimental
Systematically manipulates an environmental condition or treatment variable, either providing it or withholding it, or changing the amount of it to compare the amount of behavior that occurs under the 2 conditions. |
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Term
Ex. A researcher observed that client SIB occurred when staff ignored them. What kind of analysis is the researcher performing?
A. Experimental
B. Functional
C.Descriptive
D. Correlational |
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Definition
C. Descriptive
Measures the amount of behavior that occurs under one environmental condition or treatment variable but does not manipulate that condition. |
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Term
Ex.: A researcher observed that the client's SIB frequency was higher when staff ignored the client than when they attended to the client. What type of analysis is this?
A. Experimental
B. Functional
C.Descriptive
D. Correlational |
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Definition
D. Correlational
Measure and compare the amount of behavior that occurs under at least 2 environmental conditions or values of a treatment variable, but does not manipulate those conditions |
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Term
Ex. A researcher assumed that subjects would prefer to work under positive reinforcement when the response rate requirement was high and reinforcement when it was low.
A. Experimental
B. Functional
C.Descriptive
D. Correlational
E.Hypothetical |
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Definition
E. Hypothetical
A hypothetical analysis is merely a reasoned guess that 2 events go together. |
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Term
Any aspect of the experimental environment, other than the independent variable, that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation; usually something the experimenter is aware of and does their best to control. This is a type of variable?
A. External Variable
B.Confounding Variable
c. Treatment Variable |
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Definition
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Term
Any uncontrolled factor (extraneous variable) known or suspected to exert influence on the dependent variable that is unexpected, not considered in planning, or not able to be controlled for.
A. External Variable
B.Confounding Variable
c. Treatment Variable |
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Definition
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Term
Administrators and taxpayers are interested in the average increase in students' reading comprehension from grade 1 to grade three, so they created a graph to show this. Which type of design would they be using?
A. Single Subject Design
b. Multielement Design
C.Multiple Design
D.Group Design. |
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Definition
D. Group Design
This information is not insignificant to use in the classroom for teachers who care about individual student scores. |
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Term
Tina experimented with increasing weight loss in prisoners. The prisoners lost weight through a regulated calorie-deficient program. The group she picked had already lost 10 pounds before the study started. She stated that these results were good enough to be carried out to the high school population. Do these results show excellent external validity?
A. True, these results show great external validity
B. True, these results show great external and internal validity.
C. False, these results show no external validity and can not be generalized to the public because they do not have internal validity.
D. False, these results show no internal validity. |
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Definition
D. False, these results show no external validity and can not be generalized to the public because they do not have internal validity.
To many confounding variables selection bias. If internal validity is not right, then external validity can not proceed. |
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Term
Josef is Jane's student, and he engages in dangerous self-injurious behavior that has almost caused him to go blind. Jane graphs this behavior, which shows that Josef's behavior of Self-Injury has a high instance of variability during baseline. BCBA Jane is thinking about introducing NCR, a limited hold of 2 seconds, to help decrease this behavior. Choose the best answer for when Jane should introduce NCR into this behavior.
A. Hold off on introducing the IV due to the high variability of behavior
B. Introduce NCR behavior because it will decrease this behavior over time
C. Wait until behavior stabilizes and there is a stable baseline
D. Introduce NCR even though this behavior has high variability due to the dangerous behavior. |
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Definition
D. Introduce NCR even though this behavior has high variability due to the dangerous behavior.
No matter how much variability, IV must be introduced due to dangerous behaviors. Hopefully, the experimenter can later control for the behavior.
When the behavior is going in the correct direction, do not introduce IV because we cannot tell whether this behavior was changed by the IV or a confounding variable. Only introduce IV if variability is related to behaviors that are dangerous and need to be changed now. Behavior is stable. Behavior is trending in the opposite direction that you want it to trend in. If the environmental settings are beyond the experimenter's control and the experimenter will control them in the future.Cooper page 162. |
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Term
Jane wants Micah to decrease his out-of-seat behavior. Jane graphs this behavior and notices the graph shows a descending baseline. Jane is debating whether she should introduce the IV. What is the best answer to when Jane should introduce NCR for in-seat behavior?
A. She should introduce it now because his behavior has no variability.
B. She should introduce it now because out-of-seat behavior is a socially acceptable behavior to decrease.
C.She should not introduce that IV because the behavior is trending in the therapeutic direction.
D. Both B and C are correct. |
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Definition
C. She should not introduce the IV because the behavior is trending in the therapeutic direction.
When the behavior is going in the correct direction, do not introduce IV because we cannot tell whether this behavior was changed by the IV or a confounding variable. Only introduce IV if variability is related to behaviors that are dangerous and need to be changed now. Behavior is stable. Behavior is trending in the opposite direction that you want it to trend in. If the environmental settings are beyond the experimenter's control and the experimenter will control them in the future. |
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Term
Dana sets up a token economy with 25 students to see if this improves the time spent reading. During this time, 1 of her students got sick from a cold and can not return to school until the fever breaks. Dana introduced the token economy 2 weeks ago to the reading behavior, before one kid got sick. What should Dana do about this experiment?
A. Stop the experiment because she did not control the IV.
B.Wait until the child can come back to class
C. Continue to introduce the token economy because the student will be back within a few days.
D. Wait until next school year to try again. |
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Definition
C. Continue to introduce the token economy because the student will be back within a few days.
When the behavior is going in the correct direction, do not introduce IV because we cannot tell whether this behavior was changed by the IV or a confounding variable. Only introduce IV if variability is related to behaviors that are dangerous and need to be changed now. Behavior is stable. Behavior is trending in the opposite direction that you want it to trend in. If the environmental settings are beyond the experimenter's control and the experimenter will control them in the future. |
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Term
BCBA Johnah tries to see if her social skills group will work better with her intervention of a token economy. She sees that her baseline graph shows the first 5 data points continue in the same path. To make sure that this continues, Johnah adds more data points to her graph. At this point, Johnah enters a token economy for her social skills group. The decision for Johnah to add more data points to the graph is based on what? Pick the best answer.
A. Baseline Logic
B. Affirmation of Consequent
C. Verification
D. pREDICTION |
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Definition
D. Prediction
The consistency of the first 5 data points in the series encourages prediction. This predicts that if no changes occur in the subject's environment, subsequent measures will fall within the range of values obtained thus far. Continue to add more data points to predict the outcome during the baseline period.
Page 166 Cooper. |
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Term
Janeele is not sure if she should switch from Baseline to add an Intervention. Janeele has been testing in baseline for over 2 consecutive weeks and over five sessions. How can Janele be sure that her baseline is ready to add an intervention?
A. A convincing steady state responding and repeated measures
B. She obtained data for 2 consecutive weeks, and that is enough
c..She collected data for 5 sessions, and that was her target.
D. Both B and C are correct |
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Definition
A. A convincing steady state responding and repeated measures
There should be steady state responding and repeated measures until BSC is confident that her baseline is stable
Steady state responding is a pattern of responding that exhibits relatively few variables in its measured dimensional quantities over a period of time.
Cooper page 165 |
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Term
Elles's 7th-grade students are practicing times tables. Elle would like to introduce a new math procedure that will make her clients more fluent with math. Elle should not introduce this procedure until when?
A. After 3 weeks, until baseline is stable
B. Until repeated measures are used to either reveal the existence or to demonstrate the nonexistence of practice effects.
C. Baseline data should still be collected until steady-state responding is attained.
D. Both B and C |
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Definition
D. Bothe B and C
Steady state responding is a pattern of responding that exhibits relatively few variables in its measured dimensional quantities over a period of time. All confounds must be controlled before IV is introduced into the baseline.
Cooper page 165 |
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Term
Paul is graphing he completed his baseline phase then he went to his intervention phase and back to his baseline phase. Paul noticed that the prior level of baseline responding would have remained unchanged had the IV not been introduced. What is the best example of?
A.Verification
B. Prediction
C. Replication
D.Afirmation of Consequent |
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Definition
A. Verification
Demonstrate that the prior level of baseline responding would have remained unchanged had the IV not been introduced. Verifies the accuracy of the original prediction |
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Term
Paul is graphing. He completed his baseline phase, then proceeded to his intervention phase, and subsequently returned to his baseline phase. Then back to his Intervention phase and back to his baseline phase. Choose the best answer: What type of graph is Paul using?
A. AB design
B.ABAB design
C. Single case design
D. ABABABAB |
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Definition
b. ABAB
Only 2 baseline A and one behavior B |
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Term
Lisa wants to use an experimental design. She wants to measure how long it takes Tina to learn how to ride a bike using modeling. What design is a design she should not use?
A. Alternating Design
B. Multiple Baseline Design
C. Reversal Design
D. Multiple Element Design |
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Definition
C. Reversal Design
Because learning to ride a bike is irresistible and can not be unlearned. |
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Term
Kelly would like to use an experimental design for severe self-injurious behavior to see if NCR will work to decrease this
behavior. Which design should she not use?
A. Alternating Design
B. Multiple Baseline Design
C. Reversal Design
D. Multiple Element Design |
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Definition
C. Reversal Design
Should not be used with dangerous behavior due to ethical concerns. |
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Term
Chelsea wants to see if a High P Sequence can improve Carla's teacth brushing. Carla wants to prove the strongest functional relation. What is the best design she should use?
A. Alternating Design
B. Multiple Baseline Design
C. Reversal Design
D. Multiple Element Design. |
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Definition
C. Reversal Design
It shows the strongest funtional relations. |
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Term
Jane wants to use a reversal design in a classroom for a child who elopes. What type of Reversal Design should she use?
A.ABABABA
C.BAB
D. ABAB |
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Definition
C. BAB
This behavior starts with an intervention, that helps with a dangerous behavior, and it is also easier in a large classroom. |
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Term
These are all reasons why a BSC teacher should not use a reversal design except for?
A. IT is not for irreversible behaviors
B. There are ethical concerns
C. It can be time-consuming
D. It is the strongest experimental design |
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Definition
| D. It is the strongest experimental design |
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Term
Jane would like to use a graph that rapidly shows how high p treatment, no high p treatment, and grandmas law will work to help control Richard's non-compliance with doing dishes. Which graph should Jane use?
A. Reversal Design
B. B-A-B Design
C. Changing Critering Design
D.Multielement Design |
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Definition
D. Multielement Design
2 or more designs rapidly |
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Term
Cale uses a multielement design graph. For each treatment, he uses the same staff, the same days, the same sequence of events, treatment, and the same times that these treatments were administered. Cale did not like how his graph did not show experimental control. What could be one reason why his graph did not show this control?
A. There was no separation of the graph
B. There was no counterbalancing during the procedure
C. Multielement Designs do not easily show experimental control
D. Cale did not implement the procedure correctly. |
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Definition
B. There was no counterbalancing during the procedure.
Counterbalancing days of the week, times of day, sequence in which the different treatments occur, person delivering the different treatments reduces the probability that any observed differences in behavior are the result of variables other than the treatment itself.
181 cooper |
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Term
Janae used an AB design to show that when DRA for a student with SIB was used, the behavior did not occur. However, when her colleague Rachel used the same experiment using an AB design, this INtervention did not work for the client. Choose the best reason why this intervention did not work for Rachel
A. This experiment did not prove external validity
B. This procedure did not show enough replication because it only used an AB design
C. 2 different clinicians are doing the experiment
D. These are 2 different clients. |
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Definition
B. This procedure did not show enough replication because it only used an AB design
Without Baseline Logic Replication, there can never be external validity.
Additionally, only having an AB design does not replicate the results, but adding a treatment back in again replicates them. |
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Term
Janelle has read about an experiment in JABA that suggested high school kids learn better when they start class after 7 am. The previous experimenter used an ABAB design to determine the effects of a later class time on high school students. Janelle also used the same design. What is true about the JABA experiment?
A. It worked for Janelle because the JABA study proved internal validity and external validity.
B. It worked for Janelle because the JABA students were the same age as her students.
C.The JABA study had Generality because it worked for Janelle's students
D. The student should only have external control |
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Definition
A. It worked for Janelle because the JABA study proved internal validity and external validity.
The study did have internal validity because the ABAB design has the most replication and internal validity possibilities
This study had external validity because the whole experimentation was able to be replicated. |
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Term
A BCBA uses an ABAB design to evaluate the effects of a token economy on task completion. During the second baseline (A₂), responding remains high and does not return to initial baseline levels.
Which is the most defensible interpretation?
A. The treatment is ineffective
B. The behavior is irreversible
C. Experimental control is still demonstrated
D. Maturation is the most likely threat to validity |
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Definition
1. B — Irreversibility
Failure to return to baseline suggests the behavior cannot be reversed ethically or practically |
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Term
multiple baseline design across behaviors shows immediate behavior change for each behavior only after intervention is introduced, but all baselines are started simultaneously.
What is the primary limitation of this design?
A. Weak demonstration of experimental control
B. Inability to demonstrate functional relation
C. Risk of sequence effects
D. Poor external validity |
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Definition
3. A — Weak demonstration of control
Simultaneous baselines reduce confidence that change is due to the IV |
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Term
A BCBA uses an ABAB design to evaluate the effects of a token economy on task completion. During the second baseline (A₂), responding remains high and does not return to initial baseline levels.
Which is the most defensible interpretation?
A. The treatment is ineffective
B. The behavior is irreversible
C. Experimental control is still demonstrated
D. Maturation is the most likely threat to validity |
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Definition
1. C — Experimental control is weakened
Inconsistent baselines reduce prediction strength |
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Term
A BCBA wants to know whether a visual schedule is necessary once a full treatment package is effective.
Which approach is most appropriate?
A. Alternating treatments design
B. Parametric analysis
C. Nonparametric component analysis
D. Changing-criterion design |
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Definition
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Determining whether a component is necessary requires a presence/absence evaluation. |
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Term
In a nonparametric analysis, behavior remains low when Component A is removed but increases when Component B is removed.
Which conclusion is supported?
A. Component A is essential
B. Component B is essential
C. Both components are unnecessary
D. No functional relation exists |
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Definition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The return toward baseline indicates that Component B is functionally related to behavior change. |
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Term
A therapist uses a token board with 5 tokens to increase compliance. To test if it works, they remove the token board entirely (baseline) and then reintroduce it to see if the behavior changes again.
which type of analysis is this?
A. Compoonent
B.Parametric
C. Non Parametric
D. Comparative |
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Definition
A
Nonparametric asks "Does it work?", focusing on presence/absence, whereas Component asks "What part works?",
isolating active ingredients within a treatment, `components`.
Is the goal to see if something works (Nonparametric) or what part of a bigger thing works (Component)
Is the IV a simple presence/absence (Nonparametric) or a variation of parts within a package (Component)? |
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Term
: A behavior analyst has been using a comprehensive treatment package consisting of a token economy, functional communication training (FCT), and a 5-minute timeout. They want to determine if the timeout is actually necessary for the treatment to remain effective. Which type of analysis is the analyst performing?
A) Parametric Analysis
B) Component Analysis
C) Non-parametric Analysis
D) Comparative Analysis |
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Definition
B
The primary difference lies in whether you are evaluating parts of a whole (component) or the mere presence/absence of a single variable (non-parametric). |
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Term
You are testing whether a specific intervention, such as a weighted vest, has any effect on a student's seated behavior. You implement the vest during one session and remove it in the next. This is an example of:
A. Non-parametric Analysis
B. Parametric Analysis
C. Component Analysis
D. Multiple Baseline Design |
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Definition
| Correct Answer: A. Non-parametric Analysis |
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Term
To identify necessary and sufficient elements of a treatment, a behavior analyst might use "add-in" or "drop-out" methods. These are strategies used in:
A. Parametric Analysis
B. Comparative Analysis
C. Component Analysis
D. Functional Analysis |
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Definition
Component Analysis
think all incrediants |
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Term
An experimenter is testing the effectiveness of a new social skills curriculum. During the baseline phase, the curriculum is not used; during the treatment phase, it is used daily. This comparison of the presence versus absence of the intervention is an example of:
A) Parametric analysis
B) Non-parametric analysis
C) Component analysis
D) Functional analysis |
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Definition
B
Rationale: Non-parametric analysis specifically looks at behavior differences in treatment vs. non-treatment (on vs. off) conditions. |
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Term
Max whats do know will Gingers behavior change when there is 10 minutes or less NCR. what type of analysis is being used?
A. Reversal Design
B. Changing Criterion Design
C. MUltielement Design
D. Parametric Design |
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Definition
D.Parametric Design
look at the experimental question asked and this will guide the research that is needed.
parametric is dosage as much. |
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Term
Katies's subject behavior of bike riding is improving before the IV is introduced.
What likely explain this change?
A. OBSERVER Drift
B. Maturation
C.Adaption
D. Practice Effects |
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Definition
D. Practice Effects
changes in a person's behavior or test performance simply from getting more experience or practice with a task, leading to improvement (or sometimes decline) that isn't due to the actual intervention |
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Term
Katies's subject behavior at baseline of bike riding is improving before the IV (improve bike riding using NCR) is introduced. When should the IV be introduced.
A. when stable responding happens during baseline
B.when baseline trends in non therepeutic range of not knowing how to ride the bike.
C. Both A and B
D. Neither answer is correct |
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Definition
c. Bothe A and B
introduce IV when stable responding in baseline; behavior is happening in non thereupeutic directiions |
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Term
Johnah is working on Claudes tantrum behavior and wants to know if NCR or Response cost will work better to control this behavior. Johnah is using what?
A. Reversal Design
B. Comparative Analysis
C. Parametric Analysis
D. Component Analysis |
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Definition
B. comparative analaysis
Is Treatment A better than Treatment B? Advil vs. Tylenol |
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Term
A BCBA implements a behavior intervention plan consisting of FCT, extinction, and differential reinforcement. The BCBA does not evaluate each component separately but shows that the entire package reduces aggression compared to baseline.
What type of analysis has been conducted?
A. Parametric
B. Demonstration
C. Component
D. Nonparametric |
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Definition
Correct Answer: ✅ B. Demonstration
Rationale:
Demonstration analysis answers the question: “Does this intervention work?” rather than “Which part works?”
A demonstration analysis shows that a treatment package produces behavior change, without isolating the functional contribution of each component. Removing elements to demonstrate sufficiency, not necessity, aligns with demonstration analysis. |
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Term
A BCBA evaluates the effects of a DRA procedure on elopement using an ABAB design. During one intervention session, a substitute therapist is present. Elopement does not occur in that session but occurs in other intervention sessions.
The presence of the substitute therapist is best described as:
A. The independent variable
B. A confounding variable
C. An extraneous variable
D. A historical threat |
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Definition
Correct Answer: ✅ C. Extraneous variable
Rationale:
The therapist change could influence behavior but does not systematically covary with the IV across phases.
An extraneous variable is any non-IV factor that may influence behavior |
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Term
A BCBA conducts a study on the effects of extinction on tantrums. Baseline sessions occur in the afternoon, while all intervention sessions occur in the morning.
Time of day is best described as:
A. An extraneous variable that does not affect internal validity
B. A confounding variable
C. An establishing operation
D. Measurement bias |
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Definition
Correct Answer: ✅ B. Confounding variable
Rationale:
Time of day systematically varies with the IV, providing an alternative explanation for behavior change. |
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Term
A BCBA implements a token economy. During intervention phases, the client also begins a new medication prescribed by a physician. Behavior improves only during intervention phases.
The medication is best described as:
A. An extraneous variable
B. A confounding variable
C. A maturation effect
D. A dependent variable |
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Definition
Correct Answer: ✅ B. Confounding variable
Rationale:
The medication change co-occurs with the IV, making it impossible to isolate treatment effects. |
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Term
A BCBA implements treatment at 7am for behavior A, observes behavior change, then introduces treatment at 2pm without withdrawing treatment in the first behavior A. Behavior changes only when treatment is introduced in each setting.
This design is BEST described as:
A. ABAB reversal
B. Multiple baseline across settings
C. Multiple baseline across subjects
D. Multiple baseline across behaviors |
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Definition
Correct Answer: ✅ B. Multiple baseline across settings
Trap: No withdrawal = NOT a reversal.
settings changes can be in time, situations, or setting |
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Term
A line graph shows problem behavior decreasing during the first half of intervention sessions.
In later sessions, behavior gradually increases.
A table below the graph shows that staff missed steps in the protocol starting in session 10.
Question: Which type of drift is shown?
A. Observer drift
B. Treatment drift
C. Instrumentation |
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Definition
Answer: ✅ B. Treatment drift
Rationale: IV integrity decreased, leading to rising behavior.
Treatment drift affects IV fidelity
Detection/Prevention
Treatment drift
Treatment integrity checks, supervision |
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Term
Graph shows aggression rates stable across sessions.
Midway, reported aggression drops sharply.
IOA data show agreement decreased from 95% to 60% in later sessions.
Question: Which type of drift is shown?
A. Observer drift
B. Treatment drift
C. Instrumentation |
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Definition
Answer: ✅ A. Observer drift
Rationale: Scoring errors caused data to appear artificially low.
Affects DV scoring
Detction/prevention IOA, refresher trainin |
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Term
On-task behavior was recorded with a 10-second interval recording system.
Mid-study, a different observer switches to a 30-second interval system.
Graph shows a sudden jump in on-task behavior.
Question: Type of drift?
A. Treatment drift
B. Observer drift
C. Instrumentation |
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Definition
Answer: ✅ C. Instrumentation
Rationale: Change in measurement tool caused artificial data change
Affects: DV measurement tool
Detection/prevention
Consistent instruments, calibration |
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