Term
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Definition
GET A CAB
1. Generality
2. Effective
3. Technological
4. Applied
5. Conceptually Systematic
6. Analytic
7. Behavioral |
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Term
A BCBA works with several clients who were recently diagnosed with food allergies. The clients will begin eating restricted diets to address the allergies and the BCBA SUSPECTS the food restrictions might results in improvements in the client's target behaviors. The families agree to work with the BCBA to evaluate the indepenndent and combined effects of the diet and behaviors change programs using a multiple baseline across subject design. The BCBA is engaging in:
A. Practice Guided by Behavioral Analysis
B. Applied Behavioral Analysis
C. EAB |
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Definition
B. Applied Behavioral Analysis
Translate basic principles into widely applicable methods for improving social problems. |
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Term
A child kicks the doctor after being jabbed in the shoulder with a hypodermic needle.
This response is:
A. Ontogenic
B, Phylogenic
C, Ellicited |
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Definition
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Term
A child kicks the doctor after being tapped in the knee with a patellar hammer? The response is?
A. Phylogenic
B.Emitted
C. Ontogenic |
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Definition
A. Phylogenic
Since this behavior of Reflex is inherited.
Cooper 27-33 |
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Term
A child reports feeling lots of anxiety at school. After speaking with and observing the child, you determine that the child is very uncomfortable in social situations like lunch period and recess. You therefore decide to use behavioral skills training to role-play particular initiations and to measure any changes in the child's engagement with peers. Your approach most closely represents.
A. A mentalistic view of behavior
B. Radical Behaviorism
Methodological Behaviorism |
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Definition
C. Methodological Behaviorism.
Target social engagement directly, neither a hypothetical causal mechanism nor acknowledging private events. Acts as anxiety is everything. |
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Term
A child reports feeling lots of anxiety at school. After speaking with and observing the child, you determine that the child is very uncomfortable in unstructured social situations like lunch period and recess. You therefore decide to shape and reinforce the social situations in which they practice positive self-statements that acknowledge nervous feelings while engaging in some tolerable approximation of social engagement. Your approach most closely represent.
A. Radical Behaviorism
B. A Mentalistic View of Behavior
C. Methodological Behaviorism, |
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Definition
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Term
A child reports feeling lots of anxiety at school. After speaking with and observing the child, you determine that the child is very uncomfortable in unstructured social situations like lunch periods and recess. You therefore decide to substantially increase descriptive praise and feedback for the child's other appropriate behavior in these settings, "catch them being good" in an effort to bolster their confidence in social situations. Your approach most closely represents:
A Radical Behaviorism
B. Mentalistic View of Behavior
C. Methodological behaviorism |
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Definition
A mentalistic view of behavior
Saying that behavior is engaged in due to lack of confidence or self-esteem. |
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Term
A problem behavior that occurs during class is maintained by attention from a teacher.
Food Refusal occurs because of scar tissue in the esophagus that makes swallowing painful.
A high error rate with the subtraction problem is a function of incorrect borrowing.
These are examples of?
A. DETERMINISM
B. PARSIMONIOUS
C. SELECTIONISM |
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Definition
| Parsimonious Explamations |
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Term
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Definition
A science based on the use of learning principles to improve socially important behavior.
Translate basic principles into widely applicable methods for improving social problems. |
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Term
An intervention is supported by many peer-reviewed experiments published in non-behavioral journals. You initially were skeptical of the intervention because the outcomes are explained in terms that are inconsistent with operant principles. After you successfully implement the experimental procedures described in the literature within your setting, however, your confidence in the intervention grows. In this case, your revised opinion is a result of the attitude of science known as:
A. experimentation
B. Replication
C, Pragmatism
d. ALL of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| An intervention is supported by multiple peer-reviewed studies published in non-behavioral journals. You don't think it will be effective because the outcomes are explained in terms that are inconsistent with operant principles. You adopt the attitude of philosophical doubt and: |
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Definition
| Accept the data supporting the intervention unless contrary findings emerge. |
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Term
| Behavioral Analytic Explanations for Behavior Are? |
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Definition
Places Causal Events in the physical environment.
They are expressed primarily with respect to observable behaviors.
Refer to Consequences as the primary causal mechanism for behavior. |
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Term
| Behavioral Skills Training |
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Definition
BST is often said to have four main steps (but sources may vary in the exact number): (a) providing students/trainees with a verbal and/or written description of the skill and a rationale for its use, (b) modeling the skill, (c) guiding practice—often role-play—of the skill (this is a performance-based step), and (d) providing trainees with concrete feedback on their performance.
BST is competency-based because trainees must demonstrate the skill according to a given criterion. Thus, the last two steps—role-play and feedback—continue until trainees perform at the criterion level. BST may be used with virtually any skill, from delivering discrete trial instruction of conditional discrimination, to safely implementing techniques for managing violent behavior, to frying an egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| A confounding variable is a type of extraneous variable that is known to or suspected of influencing the outcome of an experiment by impacting the dependent variable. Confounding variables usually co-occur with the independent variable |
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Term
| Controlled Experimentation |
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Definition
| Objective experimentation entails objective measurement of carefully defined phenomena and detailed descriptions of procedures. |
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Term
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Definition
| In an applied behavioral experiment, the dependent variable (DV) is some measurable dimension of the socially significant behavior that is being studied. Specifically, the experimenter systematically manipulates the independent variable (IV) and measures any changes that may be detected in the dependent variable |
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Term
| Determinism (lawfulness of behavior) |
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Definition
| The world is an orderly, predictable, and lawful place where all events occur as a product of cause and effect. |
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Term
Directly improving socially significant behavior through the application and measurement of behavioral technology is a goal.
B. Applied Behavioral Analysis
C. EAB
A. Practice Guided by Behavioral Analysis |
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Definition
| B. Practice Guided by Behavioral Analysis |
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Term
| EAB (Experimental Analysis of Behavior |
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Definition
| Deals with research on basic processes and principles, and is mainly conducted in laboratories. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the Respondent Behavior. It occurs reflexively in response to antecedent stimuli. |
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Term
| Empiricism does NOT include |
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Definition
| Prioritization of target behavior |
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Term
Even though the research shows that DRO is an effective strategy for eliminating undesirable behaviors. It wasn't effective with Janine, therefore her BCBA chose a procedure that had better outcomes for Jamime.
A. selectionism
B. Determinism
C.Parsimony
D. Pragmatism |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Feeling the hot 90-degree weather at a crowded amusement park.
Remembering items on your grocery list that you left at home.
The pain from getting hit by a ball
a tickling sensation from a whisper. |
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Term
| Examples of applied behavior analysis. |
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Definition
reduce eating junk food using punishment.
increase the batting averages of athletes.
reduce eating junk food using self-management.
What arrangements will help zoo animals accept medication? |
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Term
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Definition
| If scientific control is the goal, experimental control is the first step to reaching it. The products of scientific control are expressed on a large scale in the real world, while experimental control is demonstrated within the confines of an experiment, when manipulating a given independent variable repeatedly results in a predictable change in a dependent variable (i.e., when a functional relationship between the variables is demonstrated). |
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Term
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Definition
It is a defining feature of behavior analysis.
Involves arranging events to evaluate their influence on other events.
Systematic Manipulation of some events (dependent variable).In order to interpret and have confidence in the results, other events (extraneous variables) should be managed so they cannot be interpreted as alternative explanations for the results(confounds).
Cooper 5-6 |
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Term
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Definition
| Controlled comparison of the dependent variable under two or more conditions (Independent Variable) is required to assess if one event caused another. |
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Term
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Definition
Requires manipulation of the dependent variables. Arranging events to evaluate the influence on other events
Defining features of behaviorism
Evaluation of how one event is influenced by other events.
Ideally, all variables should be
controlled except for the dependent variable.
Cooper 5-6 |
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Term
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Definition
In an applied behavioral experiment, extraneous variables are any facet of the experimental setting, other than the independent variable (IV) If they are not controlled, they have the potential to influence the dependent variable (DV).
For example, time of day may be an extraneous variable relative to the effectiveness of particular reinforcers. To be more specific, activity reinforcers may lose potency after recess, a fact that must be controlled either by scheduling sessions to occur before recess, or to systematically vary the time of sessions, or to use additional reinforcers that will not be compromised by prior activity. |
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Term
| Feelings and Emotions according to behavior analyst |
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Definition
Incorrectly thought of as behaviors
A proper subject for study for a behavior analyst.
Explainable in the same terms as overt behavior |
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Term
Fido runs to the door upon hearing the family car pull up to the house. Which explanations of Fido's/are mentalistic?
A. The dog's behavior is evoked by thinking its owner has arrived home
B. The dog's behavior is controlled by expectations of seeing its owner.
C. The dog antipirate is being reinforced.
D. All of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
| Four Branches of Behavior Analysis |
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Definition
1. Behaviorism
2. Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)
3. ABA
4. Professional practice guided by the science of behavioral analysis. |
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Term
From A deterministic perspective, variability in behavioral data is evidence of,
Cooper 4-5 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In an applied behavioral experiment, the independent variable (IV) is some event or aspect of the setting that experimenters systematically manipulate as they measure any changes in the dependent variable (DV) |
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Term
James is at school and frequently runs out of the classroom. The teacher explains this by saying, "James runs away from the classroom because he has not yet developed the intrinsic motivation for remaining in school." The term "intrinsic motivation" is an example of an"
A. Hypothetical Construct
B. Circular Reasoning
C. Environmental explanation
D. DIAGNOSTIC Explanation |
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Definition
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Term
John helped a young child learn to take a bath using behavioral principles. John did not use an established program to do this; rather, he created his intervention package using evidence-based treatments from in literature. John used a multiple-probe experimental design to research the impact of the evaluation on behavior. Which domain of behavior analysis does this best exemplify?"
A. Practice guided by behavior analysis
B. Behaviorism
C. Experimental Analysis of Behavior
D. Applied behavior analysis. |
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Definition
D. Applied behavior analysis.
in classroom
Translates basic principles into widely applicable methods for improving social problems. |
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Term
John, a behavior analyst, accepts that people think and engage in other mental events. John's perspective is similar to:
A. Radical Behaviorism
B. Neither answer is correct
C. Both answers are correct
D. Methodological Behaviorism |
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Definition
C. Both answers are correct
Both radical and methodological behaviorism acknowledge the existence of mental events. Methodological behaviorists reject studying such phenomena. |
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Term
Lyle screams when he can't drink soda. When asked why he does this, his mother says, "Lyle screams because it typically results in us giving him soda." In this example, the mother is using which type of explanation for her son's behavior?
A. Mentalistic Explanation
B.. Environmental Explanation
C. Diagnostic
D. Hypothetical Construct |
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Definition
| B. Environmental Explanation |
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Term
Lyle screams when he can't drink soda. When asked why he does this, his mother says, "Lylie screams because he has oppositional defiant disorder. His mind works differently from ours." When asked how the mom knows her son has oppositional defiant disorder, she says, "Because he always screams when he can't get what he wants." In this example, the mother appears to be using:
A. Environmental Explanation
B. Mentalistic Explanation
C. Hypothetical Construct
C. Circular Reasoning |
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Definition
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Term
Lyle screams when he can't drink soda. When asked why he does this, his other says, "Lyle screams because he has oppositional defiant disorder. His mind just works differently from ours. In this example, the term mind is an
A. Hypothetical Construct
B. Circular Reasoning
C. Mentalistic Explanation
D. Environmental Explanation |
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Definition
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Term
| Professional practice guided by the science of behavioral analysis. |
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Definition
| Implementing ABA procedures within their professions. A general education teacher implements an independent group contingency in her classroom that increases participation and decreases disruptive behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Holds that all human behavior, including private events, like thinking and feeling, can be understood or explained as a result of interaction with the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
Rather, he sought a comprehensive approach that would account for all behavior including private events-with reference to the same fundamental principles. Private Events
It is a SRS model of psychology behavior is a function of antecedent and consequent events occurring in the physical environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Experiments should be repeated to determine the reliability and usefulness of their findings, and to discover and correct mistakes. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is Phylogenic. Elicited, it occurs reflexively in response to antecedent stimuli. |
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Term
Rob conducts a study following an ABAB design to measure if a DRA procedure would reduce the frequency of self-injurious behavior. Rob planned for an extraneous variable, and it was clear that his intervention produced a reduction in the behavior. Which level of scientific understanding did Rob demonstrate?
A. nONE
B. Description
C. Prediction
D. Control |
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Definition
Control
Extraneous Variables controlled. |
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Term
Rob conducts a study following an ABAB design to measure if a DRA procedure would reduce the frequency of self-injurious behavior. Self-injurious behavior was reduced during all three phases after the initial baseline. When the study ended, Rob discovered that the client started a medication change at the same time that the study began. Which level of scientific understanding did Rob demonstrate?
A. None
B. Description
C. Prediction
D. Control |
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Definition
None
Did not control for extraneous variables |
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Term
Rob conducts a study where he observes behavior and documents what "SELF-INJURIOUS Behavior" may commonly look like with individuals diagnosed with autism. Which level of scientific understanding did Rob achieve?
A.. Description
B.. Prediction
C.. Control |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus-Response Original form of Behaviorism |
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Term
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Definition
| (Stimulus-Organism-Response). Post-Watsonian model of behavior. Studying observable behavior in order to make inferences about internal events presumed to cause behaviors is a model of psychology. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Stimulus Response) The notion that behavior can be understood by studying its interaction with the environment is common to all forms of Behaviorism. Watson's approach is known as S-R (stimulus-response) psychology because, taking Pavlovian (or "Classical") conditioning as a point of departure, he accounted for behavior only as a function of antecedent stimuli. Original Model of Behaviorism, proposed by John Watson explains behavior as a response to antecedent stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
Skinner, on the other hand, continued to seek causes of behavior in the environment, and developed operant psychology, in which behavior is primarily a product of selection by consequences. In this S-R-S model, most of an individual's behavior is seen as being learned, which is to say, acquired as a result of their behavior producing reinforcing and punishing consequences.
Watsonian Methodological Behaviorism |
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Term
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Definition
| When we can control a particular event, we have achieved the highest level of scientific understanding, following description and prediction. Control is demonstrated when we can specify that when we engineer certain environmental arrangements, certain other events will occur, with a very high degree of probability. Phenomena as diverse as nuclear fission and baking a cake are evidence of scientific control. |
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Term
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Definition
Anything that evolves does so because of the consequences of behavior, meaning that behavior that results in positive consequences survives and produces more sophisticated repertoires.
Consequences of Behavior |
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Term
| Skinnerian Behaviorism and Methodological Behaviorism |
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Definition
| The idea is that behavior occurs as a function of antecedent and consequent events occurring in the physical environment. |
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Term
| Skinners idea on Private Events |
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Definition
| Argued that private events are fundamentally the same as public events, other than simply being unobservable by others. Should include private events. |
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Term
Standardized Test Scores for fourth graders in the district ranged from 75-135.
C. Control
B.Prediction
C. Description |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When some property of a behavior (e.g., rate, duration, magnitude) varies predictably with the presence and absence of a particular stimulus, the behavior is said to be under the control of that stimulus. |
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Term
| The Behavior Analytic way of looking at reinforcement is: |
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Definition
| When a student's behavior occurs more often after it produces a given consequence, the behavior has been reinforced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relating to the fundamental nature of something far-reaching and thorough |
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Term
| Three Levels Scientific understanding are |
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Definition
| Description, Prediction, and Control |
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Term
Users who complete at least 85% of the modules are more likely to pass the exam.
A. Description
B. Control
C. Prediction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In the context of behavioral measurement--whether in a formal experiment or a clinical or educational setting-variability simply refers to the degree to which multiple measurements (whether at different times or by different observers or instruments) produce different results. A certain degree of variability is often unavoidable, but if the data collection system is reliable and recorded behavior varies significantly from measure to measure, this is a sign that it is being influenced by extraneous variables that have not been recognized or adequately controlled. |
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Term
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Definition
| John B. Watson popularized the idea that psychology is properly concerned with behavior, and that it should study it by using scientific methods. The notion that behavior can be understood by studying its interaction with the environment is common to all forms of Behaviorism. Watson's approach is known as S-R (stimulus-response) psychology because, taking Pavlovian (or "Classical") conditioning as a point of departure, he accounted for behavior only as a function of antecedent stimuli. |
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Term
When 2 events consistently relate to each other, and this is demonstrated with a degree of probability, what level of
scientific understanding is achieved.
B. Description
C. Prediction
D. Control |
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Definition
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Term
When special receptacles were installed next to trash bins at all home football games, trash collection fees dropped by 11% for the season.
A. Control
B. Prediction
C. description |
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Definition
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Term
When the teacher puts a large green placard on the board, the students earn points for raising their right hand to ask a question. When the placard is red, students earn points for raising their left hand. Alternating treatment data show that the conditions quickly become discriminative for when students raise their right or left hand will be reinforced. This vignette shows.
B. Applied Behavioral Analysis
C. EAB
A. Practice Guided by Behavioral Analysis |
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Definition
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Term
When the teacher wears a baseball cap all students will be called on when they raise their hands to answer a question. When the teacher has no hat on students, questions will not be addressed. Call outs will be ignored. Reversal data show that the students quickly demonstrate discriminative responding according to when asking questions will be extinguished or reinforced. This vignette closely shows.
A. Practice Guided by Behavioral Analysis
B. Applied Behavioral Analysis
C. EAB |
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Definition
| b. Applied Behavioral Analysis. |
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Term
Which is the highest level of scientific understanding?
A. None
B. Description
C. Prediction
D. Control |
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Definition
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Term
Which level of scientific understanding is possible to achieve when finding results using a dependent and independent variable in a well-constructed experiment?
a. None
B. Description
C. Prediction
D. Control |
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Definition
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Term
Which level of scientific understanding provides information to form possible hypothesis?
A. All answers provided are correct?
B. Description
C. Prediction
D. Control |
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Definition
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Term
Which level of scientific understanding provides the most basic understanding of human behavior?
A. Effective
B. Description
C. Prediction
D. Control |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a goal of behavior analysis as a science?
A. All answers provided are correct?
B. Description
C. Prediction
D. Control |
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Definition
| A. All answers provided are correct |
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Term
| With Respect To Behavior, Mentalism |
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Definition
Halts Further Inquiry Into Behaviors' Causes,
Appeals to hypothetical events as their causes.
Establishes Antecedents as its primary cause. |
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Term
| With Respect to behavior, Mentalism |
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Definition
Tends to halt further inquiry into the causes of behavior.
Appeals to hypothetical events
establish antecedents as causes. |
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Term
Withdrawal design data indicate that when children get training, scores go up; when they don't, scores go down.
A. Prediction
B. Control
C. Description |
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Definition
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Term
Human Behavior is preceded by an antecedent; it does not occur by itself. What type of philosophical assumption is this?
A. Determinism
B. Parsimony
C. Pragmatism
D.Empirisicm |
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Definition
A. Determinism The World is an orderly place, predictable and lawful, where all events occur as a result of cause and effect. Everything happens for a reason. ABA. Environmental stimuli cause behavior.
Think: Everything has a cause. |
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Term
"I drink five sodas a day" vs "I drink a lot of soda. "What type of philosophical assumption is this?
A. Determinism
B. Parsimony
C. Pragmatism
D.Empirisicm |
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Definition
D. Empiricism: Knowledge is built on objective observation and measurement (data). Reliance on a detailed description of events and objective quantification (measurement)
Think: Evidence-Based. |
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Term
The infant cries when he is hungry because in the past crying has resulted in getting a bottle, vs. the infant cries because Mercury is in retrograde."What type of philosophical assumption is this?
A. Determinism
B. Parsimony
C. Pragmatism
D.Empirisicm |
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Definition
B. Parsimony: The simplest and already established theory requiring the fewest assumptions must be ruled out before considering more complex explanations:
Think: Explanations based on our science first. |
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Term
Although the research indicates that a DRO is an effective strategy for eliminating undesirable behaviors, it wasn't effective with Janine; therefore, her BCBA chose a procedure with better outcomes for Janine. "What type of philosophical assumption is this?
A. Determinism
B. Parsimony
C. Pragmatism
D.Empirisicm |
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Definition
C. Pragmatism: What is discovered in research is only useful when there are practical and positive outcomes (effective for a client), relying on outcomes in an applied setting to verify the effectiveness of the procedure.
Think: If it works, don’t fix it. |
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Term
Behavior that is followed by reinforcement is more likely to be maintained and to produce more sophisticated repertoires."What type of philosophical assumption is this?
A. Determinism
B. Parsimony
C. Pragmatism
D. Selectionism |
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Definition
D. Selectionism: The assumption that behavior evolves and is maintained by consequences (function)
Think: Selection by consequences. |
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Term
A general education teacher implements an interdependent group contingency in her classroom that increases participation and decreases disruptive behavior.
A. Professional Practice Guided by the science of behavior analysis
B. Behaviorism
C. EAB
D. Radical Behaviorism |
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Definition
A. Professional Practice Guided By the Science of Behavior Analysis:
• Refers to individuals in various fields of work (not necessarily BCBA/BCaBA) implementing ABA procedures within their professions. |
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Term
The statement, "Liat Doodles a lot because she has ADD," would be considered:
A. Circular Reasoning
B. Explanatory Fiction
C. Environmental
D. Hypothetical Construct |
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Definition
A. Circular reasoning is a logically flawed argument in which the proposed cause is a restatement of the effect, in different terms. When two statements refer to the same thing, one cannot also explain the other. For example, we might say someone is angry when they are speaking loudly and turning red. "Angry", in other words, is a term we use when we observe someone exhibit any number of physical acts and/or appearances.
The physical appearance is an effect, and "angry" is a label for the effect. It is circular reasoning to then argue that the person was speaking loudly because they were angry. The effect cannot be explained in terms of a label for the effect. To say that we are red in the face because we are angry is no kind of explanation
Occurs when the cause and effect are inferred from the same information. |
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Term
Hazel cannot focus on anything complete assignments,and uses foul language because she is autistic. This statement is using what type of language?
A. Technical
B. Non-Technical
C. Abbreviation
D. Mentalistic |
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Definition
| D. Mentalistic: a broad term used in behavioral analysis for presumed explanations of behavior that primarily relate to cognitive, psychological, or neurological phenomena. One type of explanatory fiction is "mentalism," a term used by behavior analysts to denote any hypothetical account of behavior that ascribes causality to non-physiological processes or entities located within a person, typically in the mind (itself a hypothetical construct). A mentalistic view is represented by claims that behavior occurs as a result of such things as the subconscious, cognitive events, willpower, intelligence, etc |
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Term
Which Philosophical assumption suggests that the value of a theory or approach is determined by its practical outcome or effects
A. Pragmatism
B. Determinism
C.Parsimony
D. Empiricism |
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Definition
A. Pragmatism
Pragmatism emphasizes that the truth or value of a concept is determined by its practical implications and successful application. |
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