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science
53
Science
10th Grade
10/16/2011

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Term
abiotic features of ecosystems
Definition
The non living factors that effect an ecosystem eg weather, soil, light
Term
Absorption of light
Definition
When light is totally taken into a substance ie there is no reflection – usually associated with black surfaces
Term
acceleration
Definition
Any change in velocity measured in ms-2
Term
acid on carbonate
Definition
Acid + carbonate salt + carbon dioxide + water
Term
acid on metal
Definition
Acid + metal  salt + hydrogen
Eg hydrochloric acid + magnesium magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Term
age of earth
Definition
The earth is thought to be about 4600 million years old.
Term
age of life
Definition
First life is thought to have evolved about 2000 million years ago
Term
asthenosphere
Definition
The part of the earth just below the crust
Term
big bang theory
Definition
The theory of the origin of the universe where the universe commenced with a large explosion when energy was turned into matter.
Term
biotechnology
Definition
The use of technology to help develop new substances and techniques for studying living things eg changing bacteria to produce antibiotics – can have many benefits to society – can create problems
Term
biotic features of ecosystems
Definition
The living things that effect an ecosystem. They can include food, predators, parasites
Term
boiling
Definition
When liquids reach their boiling point. The energy required to turn a liquid into a gas.
Term
cell division
Definition
The process where cells divide to form new cells. Mitosis – identical cells produced, meiosis – cells with half chromosome number(sex cells)
Term
change of state and energy
Definition
When energy is increased in a substance its state can change from solid to liquid to gas. In order to reverse this ie gas to liquid to solid you must take energy away
Term
chemical indicator
Definition
Any chemical or substance that changes colour in an acid or base
Term
chemical reaction
Definition
When two or more chemicals are combines and a new chemical/s are formed.
Term
chromatography
Definition
The process of separating different substances, liquids, by allowing them to move along a material that absorbs the substances at different rates. Eg separating black texta ink on blotting paper
Term
chromosomes
Definition
Threadlike structures found in the nucleus of most cells that carry genetic information on genes. There are 46 chromosomes in a human body cell
Term
circuit diagram
Definition
A short hand way of representing an electric circuit. Typical symbols include
Conductor(wire) lamp

Resistor open switch
Term
circulatory system
Definition
Responsible for the transport of materials throughout the body. Contains blood, (red, white, platelets) plasma, hormones, nutrients, wastes, carbon dioxide, heat
Term
classification
Definition
The arrangement of organisms into groups based on physical characteristics.
Term
combustion
Definition
A chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen quickly to produce heat eg burning petrol
Term
compound
Definition
Two or more elements chemically bonded together. They cannot be separated by physical means. Eg water.
Term
condensation
Definition
When gas particles loose enough energy so they cool and become a liquid eg when steam touches a cool surface energy is lost from thew steam and it turns to water
Term
conduction
Definition
A method of transferring heat energy from one point of high temperature to another along a substance(medium)
Term
conservation
Definition
The sensible use of the earths resources
Term
consumer
Definition
Any organism that eats producer organisms in order to survive
Term
convection
Definition
A method of transferring heat from one point to another in a fluid by the movement of the fluid. Hot fluids rise, cool fluids move in to take their place
Term
core
Definition
The central part of the earth – composed of iron
Term
corrosion
Definition
A chemical reaction between a metal and oxygen that usually occurs slowly eg rusting iron
Term
crystallisation
Definition
The process of forming crystals from a liquid or gas eg forming crystals of sugar from sugar cane liquid
Term
current
Definition
The number of electrons that pass a point in a circuit every second – measures in amperes (amps) A
Term
decomposition
Definition
The breakdown of organic matter into simpler substances
Term
density
Definition
The mass of a substance divided by the volume – density is measured in kgm-3
Kilograms per cubic meter
Term
deposition
Definition
The placement of moved material at a point on the earth. Usually associated with rivers washing silt and “depositing” out to sea
Term
digestive system
Definition
Responsible for breaking down raw food into chemicals( proteins, carbohydrates etc) that the body can use. Useful products are absorbed into the bloodstream through villi. mouth oesophagusstomach small intestine large intestine bowel anus
Term
distance
Definition
How far an object travels – measured in metres
Term
distillation
Definition
The process of boiling a liquid and cooling the vapour to separate substances with different boiling points
Term
DNA
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid – a chemical that makes up chromosomes
Term
earthquakes
Definition
The shock that results from the movement of the earth beneath the earth. Can be measured with a seismometer. The Geiger scale is a scale of earthquake intensity
Term
ecosystem
Definition
A collection of organisms and the environment in which they live
Term
electrical energy
Definition
A form of energy that is due to electrically charged particles (electrons which have a negative charge)
Term
electromagnetic spectrum
Definition
The range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. Includes radio waves, infra red waves, light waves, x rays, gamma rays
Term
electron
Definition
A small negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus in shells
Term
electrostatic charge
Definition
A charge a body gains as a result of gaining or loosing electrons. This can happen as a result of friction(rubbing) or by being touched by another charged object.
Term
element
Definition
A substance that cannot be decomposed (broken down) into a simpler substance. There are 92 naturally occurring elements and these can be found on the periodic table
Term
erosion
Definition
The movement of weathered material(broken down) from pone place to another by wind, water, gravity
Term
evaporation
Definition
When particles gain enough energy to escape from a liquid as a gas. Eg water molecules when heated can gain enough energy to escape the liquid as a gas.
Term
evaporation
Definition
The process where energy is provided to a liquid that allows the liquid to turn to a gas
Term
evolution
Definition
The slow change in organisms over time
Term
excretory system
Definition
Responsible for the removal of wastes from the body – includes skin, kidneys, bladder
Term
filtration
Definition
A process of separating substances using a filter. Eg separating sand from water using a filter paper.
Term
food chain
Definition
A list of organisms linked by who they eat and how energy flows.
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